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春秋穀梁傳

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Text ID
KR1e0009
Date
339–401
Dynasty
晉

Chūnqiū Gǔliáng zhuàn 春秋穀梁傳

The Spring and Autumn Annals with the Gǔliáng Tradition: Collected Explanations

by 范甯 (集解) · 陸德明 (音義)

About the work

The Chūnqiū Gǔliáng zhuàn in twelve juan in the SBCK 四部叢刊 edition reproduces a Sòng-printed exemplar of the Gǔliáng zhuàn (parent text KR1e0008) carrying the Eastern-Jìn Jí jiě 集解 of Fàn Níng 范甯 (339–401), together with the yīn yì 音義 phonetic glosses extracted from Lù Démíng’s 陸德明 Jīngdiǎn shìwén 經典釋文. This is the zhù layer alone, without the Táng zhèngyì 正義 of Yáng Shìxūn 楊士勛; for the full zhùshū 注疏 see KR1e0010. The frontmatter records the title under the form 范甯 with the variant 甯 of the name; in this work-note Fàn Níng appears as 范甯 (matching the catalog) — for the standard form 范寧 see the person note 范甯 (which lists both variants).

Tiyao

No SKQS tíyào in the SBCK source. The relevant Sìkù tíyào is given under KR1e0010 Chūnqiū Gǔliáng zhù shū.

Abstract

Fàn Níng’s Jí jiě is the foundational extant commentary on the Gǔliáng zhuàn. Composed in the late Eastern Jìn during Fàn’s tenure as Magistrate (tài shǒu 太守) of Yùzhāng 豫章 commandery (modern Jiāngxī), it took shape over many years and incorporates the contributions of his disciples, gùlì 故吏 (former subordinates), and family members — each named, with their gloss attached. As the Sìkù tíyào observes, “because [Fàn] also incorporates the views of his pupils, gùlì, and family-members, listing each by name, the work is therefore called Jí jiě (Collected Explanations)” (yǐ jiān zǎi ménshēng gùlì zǐdì zhī shuō, gè liè qí míng, gù yuē jí jiě 以兼載門生故吏子弟之說, 各列其名, 故曰集解). Fàn Níng was an ardent partisan of the Gǔliáng against the rising prestige of the Zuǒzhuàn, and his preface (xù 序) is an extended defence of the Sān zhuàn against partisans of any single one. The Jì shū 晉書 biography of Fàn (juan 75) reports that the work was “valued by the world” (wéi shì suǒ zhòng 為世所重), but that subsequently Xú Miǎo 徐邈 also produced a commentary that gained currency; the present text incorporates many citations from Xú Miǎo’s annotation, the reason for which is not entirely clear (the Sìkù tíyào notes the puzzle).

The Fàn Níng Jí jiě is the work that fixed the layout in which jīng and zhuàn are interleaved: the Hàn shū yìwén zhì records Gōngyáng and Gǔliáng as two separate eleven-juan zhuàn-only works, paired with an eleven-juan jīng-only canonical text; the merger probably came with Fàn Níng. As the Sìkù tíyào observes, the curious split treatment of Dìng 1 (chūn wáng zhēng yuè 春王正月: the zhuàn-comment placed under “chūn wáng” with “zhēng yuè” detached and joined to the next item) preserves the Gǔliáng school’s reading-tradition recorded already in Liú Xiàng’s 劉向 Shuō yuàn. Fàn Níng’s preface mentions a separate “lüè lì” 略例 (regulatory abbreviation) of more than ten items, which Yáng Shìxūn’s zhèngyì refers to but the present text does not contain — possibly Yáng Shìxūn dispersed these items into the body of the annotations.

The Lù Démíng Jīngdiǎn shìwén layer for the Gǔliáng supplies pronunciation, variant readings, and citations from earlier Gǔliáng commentators (Wáng Bì 王弼, Liú Zhāo 劉昭) whose works were already lost in his time.

Translations and research

The Fàn Níng Jí jiě is consulted by every editor of the Gǔliáng and is incorporated into all modern critical editions. See KR1e0008 for the principal Western-language and modern Chinese-language Gǔliáng references. Specifically:

  • Chén Lì 陳澧, Gǔliáng zhuàn lüè lì 穀梁傳略例 (Qīng-period reconstruction) attempts to reconstruct Fàn Níng’s lost lüè lì.
  • Cài Xīnfā 蔡信發, Fàn Níng Gǔliáng jí jiě yánjiū 范甯穀梁集解研究 (Tāiběi: Wénshǐzhé 1992).
  • Newell Ann Van Auken, The Commentarial Transformation of the Spring and Autumn (SUNY 2016) — places the Fàn Níng commentary in the broader history of Chūnqiū hermeneutics.

Other points of interest

Fàn Níng’s grandson on his mother’s side was Wáng Xízhī 王羲之 (303–361), the great calligrapher; Fàn Níng was an exact contemporary and political ally of Wáng’s, and the Jì shū records that the two corresponded extensively. His son Fàn Tài 范泰 (355–428) was the father of the historian Fàn Yè 范曄 (398–445), compiler of the Hòu Hàn shū 後漢書 (KR2a0006).

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