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春秋名號歸一圖

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Text ID
KR1e0016
Date
935–965
Dynasty
後蜀

Chūnqiū mínghào guī yī tú 春秋名號歸一圖

Chart of Names and Designations Reduced to One in the Spring and Autumn Annals

by 馮繼先 (撰) · 岳珂 (重編)

About the work

The Chūnqiū mínghào guī yī tú 春秋名號歸一圖 in two juan is a name-rectification chart for the persons of the Chūnqiū and Zuǒzhuàn, originally compiled by Féng Jìxiān 馮繼先 of Hòu Shǔ 後蜀 (mid 10th c.) and re-edited by the Southern-Sòng book-collector Yuè Kē 岳珂 (1183 — after 1242). The Sìkù base is the Yuè Kē re-cut Xiāngtāi 相臺 (“Mausoleum-Terrace”) edition of the Nine Classics. Names are arranged by twenty states: Zhōu (1), Lǔ (2), Qí (3), Jìn (4), Chǔ (5), Zhèng (6), Wèi (7), Qín (8), Sòng (9), Chén (10), Cài (11), Cáo (12), Wú (13), Zhū 邾 (14), Téng 滕 (15) [or Tī 滕], Jǔ 莒 (16), Téng 滕 (17), Xuē 薛 (18), Xǔ 許 (19), and miscellaneous small states (20).

Tiyao

The Sìkù tíyào (text from the Kyoto Zinbun digital Sìkù tíyào):

By Féng Jìxiān 馮繼先 of Shǔ 蜀. Chén Zhènsūn’s Shū lù jiětí records the work, listing personal-name entries by state: Zhōu (1), Lǔ (2), Qí (3), Jìn (4), Chǔ (5), Zhèng (6), Wèi (7), Qín (8), Sòng (9), Chén (10), Cài (11), Cáo (12), Wú (13), Zhū 邾 (14), Tī 𣏌 (15), Jǔ (16), Téng (17), Xuē (18), Xǔ (19), and miscellaneous small states (20). The Chóngwén zǒngmù says the work appends officials’ titles, posthumous names, zì, and personal names beneath each original name. The Wénxiàn tōngkǎo cites Lǐ Tāo 李燾: “Zuǒ Qiūmíng made the zhuàn for the Chūnqiū; the personal names of the lords and ministers of the various states are not consistently named — sometimes four or five names per person — and beginning students are confused. Jìxiān gathered the same persons into 160 chapters.”

By these two indications, Féng’s original arrangement was a bàngháng xiéshàng 旁行斜上 layout — like a chronological table or genealogy — and was so titled “tú 圖” (chart). The 160 chapters are accordingly subdivisions of the chart. The current arrangement matches Chén Zhènsūn’s twenty-state listing; but the rest of the description does not. Each entry is now one person — neither a juxtaposition of an original name with appended titles, nor a single-page chart in 160 sections — directly inconsistent with both the Chóngwén zǒngmù and Lǐ Tāo’s account.

The reason is found in Yuè Kē’s 岳珂 Diāo yìn Xiāngtāi jiǔjīng lì 雕印相臺九經例 (Editorial Principles of the Xiāngtāi Nine-Classics Print): “The Chūnqiū mínghào guī yī tú in two juan: the various exemplars are full of errors. We have collated the Jīngjiā 京家, Hángzhōu, Jiànyáng 建陽, and Shǔ exemplars. There were cases of variant zì and given names actually being one person but combined as two, and of distinct names actually being two persons but split as two; cases of the same person migrating between states with the entries scattered in different sections; cases of gōng 公-titles attached to nián 年-counts that don’t fit the jīng and zhuàn. Sometimes zhuàn is taken for jīng, sometimes annotation for zhuàn; sometimes radical-similarity has produced hàishǐ 亥豕 errors; sometimes copyist line-grouping has obscured the jiǎyǐ 甲乙 distinctions. We have corrected all errors and divided the entries into clear lines for separate citation.”

So the present text is Yuè Kē’s recutting and rearrangement, not the Northern-Sòng original from before Lǐ Tāo. As a check: Lǐ Tāo notes the addition of fù 父 to the names of “Sòng dàfū Zhuāng Jǐn 莊堇” and “Qín yòudàfū Zhān 詹”; the original zhuàn never has fù in these names. Lǐ also notes that Féng identified “Zǐ Hán Xī 子韓晳” (a grandson of Qí Qǐnggōng 齊頃公; named identically in the Shì zú pǔ) as “Hán Zǐxī 韓子晳,” grouping him erroneously with the two ChǔZhèng gōngsūn called Hēi 黑. The present text has no such errors — clearly Yuè Kē’s emendations.

Abstract

The Sìkù tíyào makes the principal points: that the work is a HòuShǔ name-disambiguation reference for the Chūnqiū, originally laid out as a chart in 160 sections; that the text we now have is the result of Yuè Kē’s substantial Southern-Sòng re-editing for his Xiāngtāi Nine-Classics print, which corrected numerous transmission errors and rearranged the layout to a state-by-state listing of single-person entries; that the original Féng Jìxiān chart and the Yuè Kē text-state can be partly distinguished by the surviving Northern-Sòng descriptions in Chén Zhènsūn, the Chóngwén zǒngmù, and Lǐ Tāo.

The work fills an important practical gap in Chūnqiū studies: the same person regularly appears in the Zuǒzhuàn under personal name, zì, posthumous title, official title, fief-name, or matronym, and the disambiguation of these is essential to historical reconstruction. Modern reference tools (Yáng Bójùn’s Chūnqiū Zuǒzhuàn cídiǎn 春秋左傳詞典, 1985; Zhū Zǔyán 朱祖延 et al., Zuǒzhuàn rénmíng dìmíng cídiǎn 左傳人名地名詞典) descend from this HòuShǔ / Southern-Sòng reference work.

Translations and research

The work is consulted by every modern editor of the Zuǒzhuàn. The Yuè Kē Xiāng-tāi Nine-Classics print as a whole is studied in:

  • Sū Yīpíng 蘇翼平, Yuè Kē jí qí Xiāng-tāi jiǔ-jīng 岳珂及其相臺九經 (Tāiběi: Yìwén yìnshūguǎn 1981).
  • Zhōu Hóngzǔ 周弘祖 et al., Gǔ jīn shū kè 古今書刻 — for the Yuè Kē print’s circulation.

Other points of interest

The Yuè Kē Xiāngtāi Nine-Classics print is one of the most important Southern-Sòng classical re-editions, made at the family villa “Mausoleum Terrace” near Yuè Fēi’s 岳飛 tomb in Hángzhōu — Yuè Kē was Yuè Fēi’s grandson and the Yuè family fortune from imperial reparations after Yuè Fēi’s posthumous rehabilitation funded the project. The Chūnqiū mínghào guī yī tú is one of the auxiliary works appended to the print, together with the Chūnqiū nián biǎo (KR1e0017).

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