Chūnqiū Gōngyáng Gǔliáng zhuàn jíjiě 春秋公羊穀梁傳集解
Collected Commentary on the Gōngyáng and Gǔliáng Traditions of the Spring and Autumn Annals
by 劉兆 (撰)
About the work
A one-juàn highly fragmentary reconstruction of 劉兆 Liú Zhào’s (Western-Jìn, fl. under Wǔ-dì r. 265–290) lost Chūnqiū gōng-gǔ jiěgǔ 春秋公羊穀梁解詁 (cited under several variant titles, here as jíjiě 集解) — the Gōngyáng / Gǔliáng moiety of Liú’s three-way harmonisation programme covering all three Chūnqiū zhuàn. The CHANT compilation (CH2e1143) draws on 陸德明 Lù Démíng’s Jīngdiǎn shìwén 經典釋文 for the Gōngyáng and Gǔliáng texts, and on the Wénxuǎn 文選 commentary tradition (Lǐ Shàn 李善 annotations).
Abstract
The reconstruction is exceptionally slight — only some dozen-and-a-half discrete glosses survive, drawn from three witness-streams as the compilation itself indicates:
- Bìng 並《Gōngyáng shìwén》 — material attributed to Liú Zhào in Lù Démíng’s Shìwén for the Gōngyáng zhuàn.
- Bìng《Gǔliáng shìwén》 — material attributed to Liú Zhào in Lù Démíng’s Shìwén for the Gǔliáng zhuàn.
- Bìng《Wénxuǎn zhù》yǐn Liú Zhào zhù 並《文選注》引劉兆注 — material preserved in the Wénxuǎn commentary citation tradition.
The preserved fragments are short semantic and topographic glosses on isolated zhuàn phrases. Sample entries:
- Cáo zǐ piào jiàn ér qù zhī 曹子摽劍而去之 (Cáo zǐ threw down his sword and departed): pì, juān yě 辟，捐也 — pì means “to discard.”
- Zú tiē Jīng 卒怗荊 (and so subdued Chǔ / Jīng): tiē, fú yě 貼，服也 — tiē means “to submit.”
- Yù jǐ zhě bù dé rù 御轚者不得入: jǐ, guà yě 轚，絓也 — jǐ means “to be caught up.”
- Qí wèi zhī qí 齊謂之綦 — Qí pronunciation; Chǔ wèi zhī niè 楚謂之踂 — Chǔ pronunciation; Wèi wèi zhī zhé 衛謂之輒 — Wèi pronunciation, with explanatory definitions (lián bìng yě 連併也; jù hé bù jiě yě 聚合不解也; rú jiàn zhí jiū yě 如見縶糾也).
- Páng yán yuē zèn 旁言曰譖 — “to speak from the side is called zèn” (slander).
- Jǔ, jìn yě 舉，盡也 — jǔ means “to exhaust” (in Wénxuǎn citation of Liú Zhào’s note).
The substantive content is therefore lexical: short semantic equivalents and dialect-distribution notes, the latter (Qí, Chǔ, Wèi) preserving the regional toponymy of dialect for terms of military / ceremonial use — material that fits Liú’s jíjiě programme of reconciling readings across the zhuàn.
The dating bracket (265–290) follows Liú Zhào’s documented floruit under Jìn Wǔ-dì. The full jiěgǔ originally covered both the Gōngyáng and Gǔliáng in some detail, employing red ink to distinguish each tradition (cf. 劉兆 biographical note); the present reconstruction preserves only what could be salvaged from Táng-period anthologies (the Shìwén and Wénxuǎn zhù). Liú’s parallel Chūnqiū diào-rén 春秋調人 and Zhōuyì zhù 周易注 are similarly lost.
Translations and research
No substantial Western-language secondary literature located. For Liú Zhào’s three-traditions harmonisation programme see:
- Yáng Bójùn 楊伯峻, Chūnqiū sānzhuàn yánjiū lùn jí 春秋三傳研究論集, on the pre-Táng commentarial currents.
- The Jìn shū biography (juàn 91, Rúlín liè zhuàn) is the principal narrative source.
- For Wénxuǎn citation lemma-extraction methodology: Knechtges et al. on the Lǐ Shàn 李善 annotation tradition.
Other points of interest
Liú Zhào’s programme — that the three zhuàn be reconciled rather than rank-ordered against one another — represents the Western-Jìn alternative to the partisan readings of 何休 Hé Xiū for Gōngyáng and the later 范甯 Fàn Níng for Gǔliáng. Even in the present highly truncated form, the Chūnqiū gōng-gǔ jiěgǔ reconstruction is the principal surviving witness to that harmonising current. Liú’s use of coloured ink to mark traditional sources is one of the earliest documented uses of polychrome marking in the Chinese exegetical tradition.
Links
- Chinese Text Project — Jīngdiǎn shìwén: https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&res=608648
- Wénxuǎn: https://ctext.org/wen-xuan