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異字

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Text ID
KR1j0117
Date
220–280
Dynasty
三國

Yì zì 異字

Variant Graphs by 朱育 (撰)

About the work

A modern reconstruction of 朱育 Zhū Yù’s lost Yì zì 異字 — a Three Kingdoms 三國吳 paleographic compendium of variant (i.e., archaic and non-standard) graph forms. Zhū Yù is the principal Wú-court paleographer known to the Hànjiǎn 汗簡 (KR1j0026) tradition; Suí shū jīngjí zhì 隋書‧經籍志 records his works in fragmentary form. The closely related titles Jí zì 集字, Qí zì 奇字, Zì lüè 字略, Jí gǔ zì 集古字, and Yì zì yuàn 異字苑 are routinely cited together as the Zhū Yù paleographic corpus. The CHANT reconstruction (CH2f1214) collates surviving citations principally from Guō Zhōngshù 郭忠恕’s Northern Sòng Hànjiǎn 汗簡 and from the Guǎngyùn 廣韻 lemma annotations.

Abstract

The surviving fragments are predominantly paleographic, in the standard Hànjiǎn gloss format: archaic graph (rendered &-; in the digital text) → current-script equivalent, with the source attribution. Representative entries: archaic graph = luò 雒 (Hànjiǎn juàn 上之二, citing Zhū Yù’s Jí zì 集字); = wò 握 (same); = yún 耘 (same); = lóng 籠 (same); = chà 差 (citing Zhū Yù’s Qí zì 奇字); = chéng 乘 (citing Zhū Yù’s Zì lüè 字略); = sù 速 (citing Zhū Yù’s Jí zì); = kuí 鄈 (same); etc.

The frequent citation chain 郭忠恕《汗簡》引朱育… is the principal evidence for connecting the Northern Sòng paleographic compendium tradition to its Three Kingdoms Wú source.

A second textual layer derives from the Yì zì yuàn 異字苑 — possibly a separate, slightly larger Six-Dynasties title or possibly an expanded version of the Yì zì — preserved chiefly in Guǎngyùn lemma annotations: gū 箍 = “yǐ miè shù wù 以蔑束物, binding objects with bamboo-strips” (Guǎngyùn upper-level-tone 11 mó gū note); kàn 䮧 = “pán-kàn 䮂䮧, a great Fān horse” (Guǎngyùn upper-level-tone 25 hán kàn note); etc. The CHANT editor preserves both the Yì zì and Yì zì yuàn attribution chains.

Dating bracket (220–280): Zhū Yù’s broad Wú-period fl.; no firmer evidence.

Translations and research

No substantial dedicated Western-language secondary literature located.

  • Rén Dàchūn 任大椿, Xiǎoxué gōuchén 小學鉤沈.
  • Mǎ Guóhàn 馬國翰, Yùhánshānfáng jíyìshū 玉函山房輯佚書.

Other points of interest

The Zhū Yù paleographic corpus — five overlapping titles (Jí zì, Qí zì, Zì lüè, Jí gǔ zì, Yì zì/Yì zì yuàn), all cited together by Guō Zhōngshù — is the principal Three-Kingdoms paleographic source preserved into the Northern Sòng. Like Zhāng Yī’s KR1j0099 Gǔjīn zì gǔ, Zhū Yù’s Yì zì corpus supplied the Northern-Sòng gǔwén compendium tradition (Guō Zhōngshù KR1j0026 Hànjiǎn, Xià Sǒng KR1j0028 Gǔwén sìshēng yùn) with its principal pre-Suí paleographic material.

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