Shǐjì jíjiě 史記集解
Collected Commentaries on the Records of the Grand Scribe by 裴駰 (Péi Yǐn, fl. mid-5th c., son of the historian Péi Sōngzhī 裴松之)
About the work
The earliest of the so-called sānjiā zhù 三家注 (three classical commentaries) on the Shǐjì (KR2a0001), and the only annotated Shǐjì exemplar circulating in the Tang. Originally in 80 juǎn; the present 130-juǎn division reflects the Máo Jìn 毛晉 Jígǔgé 汲古閣 reissue, which split the commentary across the same juan-numbering as the Shǐjì main text.
Tiyao
By Péi Yǐn of the Sòng. Yǐn, zì Lóngjū 龍駒, a man of Wénxǐ 聞喜 in Hédōng, attained the office of Zhōngláng wàibīng cáo cānjūn shì 中郎外兵曹參軍事; his particulars are preserved in the Sòngshū biography of his father Péi Sōngzhī 裴松之. Yǐn found Xú Guǎng’s 徐廣 Yīnyì somewhat illuminating but lamented its abridgement, and so culled the Nine Classics, the various histories, the Hànshū yīnyì, and a wide range of other works to compile this separate study, drawing primarily on the older expositions of the early Confucians. Zhāng Shǒujié 張守節 in his Zhèngyì once gave a complete enumeration of the books cited; yet Yǐn quotes Yú Fān 虞翻 frequently for the Guóyǔ, Liú Xī 劉熙 for the Mèngzǐ, and Xuē Jūn 薛君 for the Hán Shī, none of which Shǒujié recorded — proof that Yǐn’s range of sources was vaster than Shǒujié could fully list.
The original work was 80 juǎn, as recorded uniformly in the Suí and Táng bibliographies. The present text is the Máo Jìn Jígǔgé impression, divided into 130 juǎn — the original ordering can no longer be ascertained, but the text of the notes still preserves the old base. Beginning with the Ming Directorate-of-Education edition (jiānběn 監本), the Suǒyǐn and Zhèngyì were attached after the Jíjiě and the text was further arbitrarily abridged; consequent errors are numerous. (The tíyào then enumerates twenty-odd specific lapses in the Ming jiānběn — chiefly involving omitted “Xú Guǎng said…” tags in the běnjì of the Five Thearchs, the First Emperor of Qín, Xiàng Yǔ, and Hàn Wǔdì; missing or transposed glosses in the Hé qú shū, the biography of Sīmǎ Xiāngrú, the Tàishǐ gōng zì xù, and the Xià běnjì; and corruption of “Zhèngyì” tags into “Jíjiě” tags. The Sìkù compilers conclude that ancient annotations were terse, were padded out by later hands, and that the popular fángběn impressions are even more corrupt than the Directorate text.) The single error this Jígǔgé edition shares with the Ming jiānběn is in the Huòzhí biography, where “Sūn Shūáo” 孫叔敖 is given as gloss-author for the line on Yí 瓵 vessels — surely a corruption of “Sūn Shūrán” 孫叔然 (Sūn Yán of the Wèi). The collation here is therefore not without slip, yet is still preferable to the Yuán Yuánfēng combined edition.
(Submitted, Qiánlóng 46, 11th month, 1781. Chief compilers Jǐ Yún 紀昀, Lù Xīxióng 陸錫熊, Sūn Shìyì 孫士毅; chief collator Lù Fèichí 陸費墀.)
Abstract
Péi Yǐn’s Jíjiě is the earliest surviving systematic commentary on the Shǐjì. It builds on Xú Guǎng’s 徐廣 (353–425) Shǐjì yīnyì 史記音義 (in 13 juǎn, now lost) — which contained 2,216 glosses, half noting variant readings — by collecting and incorporating early commentators including Yán Dū 延篤, Fú Qián 服虔, Yīng Shào 應劭, Wén Yǐng 文穎, Mèng Kāng 孟康, Wéi Zhāo 韋昭, Rú Chún 如淳, Sū Lín 蘇林, Kǒng Ānguó 孔安國, Yú Fān 虞翻, Liú Xī 劉熙, Guō Pú 郭璞, and Xuē Jūn 薛君, with Péi’s own jiā ān 駰案 (“Péi’s note”) interpolated. The author’s own xù explicitly marks Xú Guǎng as the textual base (“以徐為本，號曰集解”), and adopts the convention of citing anonymous Hànshū yīnyì commentators by the bare designation “Zàn yuē 瓚曰” or “Hànshū yīnyì” where the author is “Chén Zàn 臣瓚” or otherwise unidentifiable.
The Jíjiě circulated independently of the main text from the 5th to the late 11th century; all extant Tang and pre-Tang manuscript fragments of the Shǐjì are Jíjiě texts. From the early Northern Sòng Yuánfēng 元豐 era (1078–1085), the three commentaries were combined into a single sānjiā zhù běn; the Ming jiānběn derives from this combined tradition. The Wényuāngé exemplar derives from the Máo Jìn 毛晉 (1599–1659) Jígǔgé 汲古閣 Jíjiě-only reissue (mid-17th c.), which is at multiple points superior to the Ming jiānběn.
The bibliographic record is uniform: Suí shū jīngjí zhì and both Tang zhì list 80 juǎn; the redivision into 130 to match the Shǐjì main text is a Ming-Qing convention. The standard modern edition is the photo-reprint of a Sòng Jíjiě-only impression in the Bǎiná běn èrshísì shǐ 百衲本二十四史 series (Shanghai Shangwu, 1930s).
Translations and research
The Jíjiě has not been translated independently. Citations and discussion of its glosses are integrated into all critical translations of the Shǐjì (Chavannes 1895–1905; Nienhauser 1994–; Watson 1993). Standard scholarly studies: Yīng Sānyù 應三玉, Shǐjì sānjiā zhù yánjiū 史记三家注研究 (Fenghuang, 2008); Zhāng Yùchūn 張玉春 and Yīng Sānyù, Shǐjì bǎnběn jí sānjiāzhù yánjiū 史记版本及三家注研究 (Huawen, 2005), the most thorough modern study; Chéng Jīnzào 程金造, Shǐjì sānjiā zhù yǐn shū kǎo 史记三家注引书考 (Zhonghua, 2009 posthumous). On Xú Guǎng as Péi’s textual base: Suzuki Yū 鈴木由次郎, “Jo Hiro to Kaikai” 徐広と裴駰 (in his Shiki shichū kenkyū, 1962).
Links
- Kyoto Zinbun Sìkù tíyào 0097401
- Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual §59.2.6.2.