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醫斷與斥醫斷

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Text ID
KR3eq054
Date
1747–1768
Dynasty
江戶

Yī duàn yǔ Chì Yī duàn 醫斷與斥醫斷

Medical Resolutions and Repudiating the Medical Resolutions by 鶴沖元逸 Tsuruoki Genitsu (pupil of Yoshimasu Tōdō, recording his teacher’s doctrines, Enkyō 4 = 1747 self-preface) and 畑黃山 Hata Kōzan (the rebuttal, c. 1768).

Catalog dynasty correction: catalog meta has no dynasty; both authors are Japanese Edo-period figures. We catalogue under 江戶.

About the work

A combined volume of two paired texts: (1) Yī duàn 醫斷 (Idan) by Tsuruoki Genitsu 鶴沖元逸 — the principal disciple-record of Yoshimasu Tōdō 吉益東洞 (see KR3eq037 for Yoshimasu’s own Gǔshū yīyán), composed in autumn 1745 during Tsuruoki’s apprenticeship and finalized in winter 1747; structured as a series of short piān (司命 / 死生 / 元氣 / 經絡 / 脈候 / 腹候 / etc.) each opening with a Yoshimasu-school maxim and elaborating its implications; (2) Chì Yī duàn 斥醫斷 (Sekiidan) by Hata Kōzan 畑黃山 (Hata Risshan 畑栗山) — the major rival-school rebuttal to the Yoshimasu programme, attacking the Idan’s doctrines point-by-point, in particular the radical kohōha claim that all post-Hàn medical literature is corrupt and that only the Shānghán lùn clinical method is authoritative. The combined volume is the standard late-Edo / Meiji form for transmitting both texts together — the Idan representing the kohōha Yoshimasu Tōdō programme at its most concentrated, and the Sekiidan representing the principal contemporary doctrinal opposition.

Prefaces

The text opens with two prefaces to the Idan:

  1. Preface by Nagato no Taki Chōkai Yahachi 長門瀧長愷彌八父 — situating Yoshimasu’s programme as a return-to-Zhāng-Zhòng-jǐng fùgǔ enterprise and praising Tsuruoki’s faithful transmission of the master’s teaching.
  2. Self-preface by Tsuruoki Genitsu signed Enkyō 4 winter 10th month = 1747 winter, from 西肥 (West Hizen, Tsuruoki’s native province). Records that Tsuruoki studied with 吉益為則 Yoshimasu Tōdō in Kyoto after first studying broadly with the Edo old-school physicians (the yǐchǒu / 1745 autumn entry into Kyoto), and that the Idan records the master’s spoken teaching (“記其說輯以為一小冊子”).

Abstract

The pairing of Idan + Sekiidan is the defining textual confrontation of the mid-eighteenth-century Japanese kohōha / gosehōha (古方派 / 後世方派) controversy — the Idan being the most concentrated expression of the radical kohōha return-to-Zhāng-Zhòng-jǐng programme, and the Sekiidan being the principal gosehōha response defending the post-Hàn medical canon and the Shénnóng běncǎo / Sùwèn / Língshū / Nánjīng / Sòng formulary tradition. Yoshimasu Tōdō (1702–1773), the founder of the radical kohōha, taught that all illness is one toxin (wànbìng yīdú 萬病一毒) and that the entire post-Hàn theoretical superstructure of yīnyáng, wǔxíng, qìxuè, jīngluò must be set aside in favor of empirical Shānghánlùn clinical method. Tsuruoki’s Idan records this teaching in its early canonical form. Hata Kōzan’s Sekiidan is the doctrinal counter-statement of the post-Hàn-positive school. The composition window 1747–1768 reflects the Idan’s 1747 self-preface and the Sekiidan’s appearance in the 1760s. The combined volume entered Chinese circulation via the late-Qīng / Republican-era Kōkan igaku sōsho 皇漢醫學叢書 (1936) repatriation programme; it is preserved digitally at jicheng.tw.

Historiographical significance: the Idan + Sekiidan combination is the canonical textual locus for studying the mid-eighteenth-century Japanese medical-doctrinal split. Yoshimasu Tōdō’s kohōha programme — concentrated in the Idan — is the source of the late-Edo Kohōha school that produced KR3eq037 (Yoshimasu’s Gǔshū yīyán), KR3eq051 (Odai Yōdō’s Yī yú), and the Meiji-era Kanpō revivalist tradition. Neither author is in CBDB.

Translations and research

No substantial European-language translation of either text located. For Yoshimasu Tōdō and the kohōha controversy see Susan Burns, Kingdom of the Sick (Hawaii, 2019); Daniel Trambaiolo, “Translating the Body” (Princeton diss., 2014); Yakazu Dōmei 矢數道明, Kinsei Kanpō igaku-shi 近世漢方醫學史 (Tōkyō: Meiji Shoin, 1971), which discusses both the Idan and the Sekiidan.

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