Fù Yì 傅奕 (555–639), native of Xiàngzhōu 相州 Nèihuáng 內黃 (modern Xíngtái 邢台 region, Héběi), was a Suí–Táng-period astronomical official and textual critic, remembered especially for his fiercely anti-Buddhist polemic and for his critical edition of the Dàodé jīng 道德經 on the basis of an Ancient-Recension (gǔběn 古本) manuscript discovered in 574 CE at Péngchéng 彭城 (modern Xúzhōu 徐州, Jiāngsū) in the tomb of a concubine of the Hàn-era warlord Xiàng Yǔ 項羽 (233–202 BCE).
Under the Suí he held astronomical appointments; under the Táng he was Tàishǐlìng 太史令 (Grand Astrologer / Director of the Astronomical Bureau) during the reigns of Gāozǔ 高祖 (r. 618–626) and Tàizōng 太宗 (r. 626–649), in which capacity he edited the Ancient-Recension Dàodé jīng. He was a vocal memorialist against Buddhism, submitting in 624 an eleven-point memorial to Gāozǔ advocating the suppression of Buddhist clergy and temples as alien and economically ruinous — the memorial provoked a major court debate and is a signal document of early Táng anti-Buddhist polemic. He also composed a history of Gāo Shí zhuàn 高識傳 (Biographies of the Loftily-Perceptive), a lost anti-Buddhist biographical compilation.
For works in the Kanripo corpus by Fù Yì, see KR5c0046 (Dàodé jīng gǔběn piān 道德經古本篇 — Ancient-Recension of the Dàodé jīng). Biographical sources: Jiù Táng shū 79.2714–18; Xīn Táng shū 107.4077–78.