Late-Míng literatus and loyalist of Huátíng 華亭 (Sōngjiāng); jìnshì of Chóngzhēn 10 / 1637. With his friends Chén Zǐlóng 陳子龍 and Lǐ Wén 李雯 he founded the Jǐshè 幾社, the principal Sōngjiāng literary-political society of the late Míng and a satellite of the Fùshè 復社. Magistrate of Chánglè 長樂, Fújiàn; on the fall of Náanjīng in 1645 he organised loyalist resistance in Sōngjiāng, and after its failure drowned himself in a pond at his residence. His son 夏完淳 Xià Wánchún (1631–1647) continued the resistance and was executed at the age of sixteen. His preface to KR3er083 Yīzōng bìdú (1637), written in the year of his jìnshì examination, is the most substantial of the four prefaces to that work.