Kǒng Róng 孔融 (153–208), zì Wén Jǔ 文舉, native of Qūfù 曲阜 in Lǔ 魯 (modern Shāndōng), was a twentieth-generation descendant of Confucius and one of the Jiànān qī zǐ 建安七子. He served as Běihǎi xiàng 北海相 (Director / Chancellor of Běihǎi, modern eastern Shāndōng) — hence the conventional title Kǒng Běihǎi 孔北海 — and later as TàiZhōngdàifū 太中大夫 at the Hàn court at Xǔchāng 許昌. A scholar of the Five Classics and a fierce political satirist, Kǒng repeatedly clashed with Cáo Cāo 曹操 over policy (notably the prohibition of liquor) and over Cáo’s territorial ambitions. He was put to death in 208 by Cáo on charges of bù xiào 不孝 (reputedly for his iconoclastic remark that the parent–child bond is a one-way debt of the breeding act); his entire family was implicated. Standard biography in Hòu Hàn shū 70. His collected works survive only in the Míng aggregation KR4b0003 Kǒng Běihǎi jí 孔北海集.