Northern-Sòng councillor and remonstrance hero, zì Píngzhòng 平仲, of Huázhōu Xiàguī 華州下邽. Jìnshì of Tàipíng xīngguó 5 / 980 at age 19. Cānzhī zhèngshì, twice Zǎixiàng (1004–1006, 1019–1020). His decisive historical role was insisting in 1004 that Sòng Zhēnzōng cross the Yellow River and personally appear at Chánzhōu against the invading Liáo — the move that produced the Chányuān méng 澶淵之盟 of 1005, which fixed the SòngLiáo border for over a century. Demoted under the Liútàihòu 劉太后 regency in 1020 (to Léizhōu sīhùcānjūn) on intrigues by Dīng Wèi 丁謂; died in exile at Léizhōu in Tiānshèng 1 / 1023 age 63. Posthumously canonized Zhōngmǐn 忠愍 by Rénzōng, who personally calligraphed his jīngzhōng commemorative plaque; Jīngzhōng zhī bēi by Sūn Biàn 孫抃. Surviving collection: Zhōngmǐn jí KR4d0006 (3 juǎn, edited by Fàn Yōng 范雍). His qījué and qīlǜ are conventionally placed in the early-Sòng WǎnTángtǐ 晚唐體 group with Wáng Yǔchēng, Pān Lǎng, and Lín Bū. Subject of an important YuánMíng dramatic tradition (Kòu Lǎo Xī in popular zájù). CBDB id 898.