Northern-Sòng cí-poet, zì Zǐyě 子野, of Wūchéng 烏程 (Húzhōu 湖州, modern Zhèjiāng). Jìnshì of Tiānshèng 8 / 1030; held a long series of provincial appointments (Sùzhōu 宿州, Wújiāng 吳江, Jiāhé 嘉禾, Yǒngxīng 永興, etc.) and reached Tàicháng bóshì and Dūguān lángzhōng before retirement to Hángzhōu. Famous for his longevity (lived to the age of 88 suì, dying in 1078 by Chinese count) and his late-life associations — notably with Sū Shì 蘇軾, who composed several poems for him in old age — and for the literary nickname Zhāng sān yǐng 張三影 (“Zhāng Three-Shadows”) earned from three favourite cí lines containing the word yǐng 影 (shadow). With Liǔ Yǒng 柳永 he is one of the principal early-Sòng pioneers of the màncí 慢詞 (long-tune cí), expanding the form beyond the xiǎolìng of Yàn Shū 晏殊. His own cí-collection survives as the Ānlù jí KR4j0004 (1 juǎn, WYG). Wrote the preface (now lost) to Yàn Shū’s Zhūyù cí KR4j0001. Biography: Sòng shǐ j. 444 (under “Wényì” 文藝); CBDB.