Yōkan 永觀 (also read Eikan, 1033–1111), Sanron-trained Pure Land teacher of the late-Heian period and one of the principal precursors of 源空 Hōnen. Born into the Minamoto clan but ordained at the Tōdai-ji in Nara, where he received Sanron, Hossō, and esoteric instruction. He later moved to the Zenrin-ji 禪林寺 in eastern Kyoto, which became under his abbacy the principal Pure Land devotional center of late-Heian Kyoto and which is to this day known popularly as Eikan-dō 永觀堂 after him. The famous miyukushi Amida statue at the Eikan-dō — the Mikaeri Amida 見返り阿弥陀 (“Amida Looking Back”) — is traditionally associated with a vision granted to Yōkan during the gyōdō circumambulation in the third month of Eihō 2 / 1082.
Yōkan’s principal works are the Ōjō jūin KR6t0394 (the Ten Causes of Rebirth, his doctrinal masterpiece) and the Ōjō kōshiki KR6t0436 (the Rebirth Lecture-Liturgy). He stands in the direct lineage Tánluán → Dàochuò → Shàndǎo → 源信 Genshin → Yōkan → Hōnen → 親鸞 Shinran and is consistently cited in subsequent Pure Land literature. The DILA authority id is A001249. He died at the Tōdai-ji in Tennin 4 / 1111 at age 79.