Hàn Língdì 漢靈帝 (Liú Hóng 劉宏, 156–189; r. 168–189), eleventh emperor of the Eastern Hàn 後漢. His reign — covering the Jiànníng 建寧, Xīpíng 熹平, Guānghé 光和, and Zhōngpíng 中平 era-names — overlaps with the foundational generation of Chinese Buddhist translation at Luòyáng: Ān Shìgāo’s late translation activity, and the joint Ān Xuán 安玄 / Yán Fódiào workshop that produced the Fǎjìng jīng 法鏡經 (T322) and KR6a0160 Āhán kǒujiě shí’èr yīnyuán jīng (T1508) in the Guānghé–Zhōngpíng era. He is mentioned in Buddhist sources only as the reigning emperor under whom these translations were undertaken; his administration coincides with the collapse of central Hàn authority leading to the Yellow Turban revolt (184) and the warlord period.