Conventional placeholder for anonymous or unidentified authors in the Chinese bibliographic tradition. Wúmíngshì 無名氏 (lit. “person of no name”) and the variant yìmíng 佚名 (“name lost”) are used interchangeably in modern catalog practice when the authorship of a work cannot be determined from colophons, prefaces, or contemporary bibliographies. In the Kanripo corpus this designation is applied to a range of anonymous popular fiction, especially Qīng vernacular novels of the heroic-chivalric (英雄傳奇 yīngxióng chuánqí) and historical-military (演義 yǎnyì) genres.