Luó Qīnshùn 羅欽順 (1465–1547), zì Yǔnshēng 允升, hào Zhěngān 整菴, posthumously Wénzhuāng 文莊, was the principal Mid-Míng Zhūzǐxué loyalist defender against Wáng Yángmíng’s xīnxué. Native of Tàihé 泰和 (Jíān, Jiāngxī). Jìnshì — top three (tànhuā 探花) — of Hóngzhì guǐchǒu (1493); rose to Nánjīng Lìbù shàngshū with posthumous Tàizǐ tàibǎo. His main work is the Kùnzhī jì 困知記 (KR3a0084), a Lǐxué-doctrinal yǔlù with two main records (qián jì of 156 zhāng completed Jiājìng wùzǐ / 1528, xù jì of 113 zhāng completed Jiājìng xīnmǎo / 1531) and a fùlù of six discussion-letters. Within Mid-Míng Lǐxué he is the principal ZhūXī defender against Wáng Yángmíng — the fùlù preserves his exchange with Wáng on the metaphysical-doctrinal questions of xīn / xìng / lǐ / qì. His own positions on the qì monism — that lǐ is not separable from qì — make him an interesting transitional figure between ZhūXī orthodoxy and the late-Míng / early-Qīng qì-philosophy of Wáng Fūzhī and others. Biography: Míng shǐ j. 282 (Rúlín zhuàn). CBDB id 33645, dates 1465–1547. (Note: the Kanripo catalog meta gives the author’s name as 羅欽訓 — typographical slip 訓 for 順. The work title in catalog also has 因 for 困. The correct forms 羅欽順 / 困知記 are followed here.)