Late-Míng / early-Qīng polymath, Buddhist monk, novelist, classical exegete, and antiquarian; native of Wūchéng 烏程 (Húzhōu) in Zhèjiāng. Zì Ruòyǔ 若雨; hào Lòushuāng 漏霜 and Bǎoyún 寶雲; in his Buddhist life Nánqián 南潛. Studied with the Cháo-school master Huáng Dàozhōu 黃道周; refused to serve under the Qīng and entered the Buddhist sangha c. 1656 at the Línjì-school monastery near Húzhōu. He produced two of the most striking works of the late-Míng intellect: the philosophical novel Xīyóu bǔ 西遊補 (Supplement to the Journey to the West), Western scholarship’s “Tung Yüeh” novel; and the present Qīguó kǎo 七國考 (KR2m0011), the only systematic pre-Qīng reconstruction of Warring-States institutions. He also wrote major works on the Yìjīng (Yìfā 易發, in the Sìkù), on phonology, and on dream-interpretation. His prose collection is the Fèngcǎo’ān shīwén jí 豐草庵詩文集.