Āzhìdáxiàn 阿質達霰 (Skt. Ajitasena, “Invincible General”; Chinese gloss 無能勝將) was an Indian monk of North India (北天竺) active during the Táng Kāiyuán 開元 reign (713–741). He is recorded as having translated his three known works at Ānxī 安西 — the Táng military protectorate in the Tarim basin (i.e. Kucha 龜茲) — placing him in the broader circuit of Mahāyāna and Esoteric translators who reached Chángān via the Western Regions rather than the Indo-Chinese sea-route.
Three translations are attributed to him in the Taishō, all of them ritual manuals associated with Krodha (wrathful) deities:
- Dà wēi-lì wū-shū-sè-mó míng-wáng jīng 大威力烏樞瑟摩明王經 (KR6j0455, T1227) — three fascicles, on Ucchuṣma, the wrathful Vidyārāja whose mantra purifies impurity.
- Huì-jī jīn-gāng shuō shén-tōng dà-mǎn tuó-luó-ní fǎ-shù líng-yào-mén 穢跡金剛說神通大滿陀羅尼法術靈要門 (KR6j0456, T1228) — one fascicle, on Ucchuṣma-Vajra (穢跡金剛, the “Filth-Tracks Vajra”) and his ritual technology.
- Huìjī jīngāng jìn bǎibiàn fǎ jīng 穢跡金剛禁百變法經 (KR6j0457, T1229) — one fascicle, the “hundred-transformation prohibition” rite of the same deity.
Ā-zhì-dá-xiàn is principally important as the channel by which the cult of Ucchuṣma (the deity who consumes impurity and is thus invoked in rites of purification, exorcism, and protection of monastic privies) reached Sinitic Buddhism. The three texts are the foundational scriptural-ritual basis for Ucchuṣma worship in East Asia, especially in Japanese Mikkyō where the deity is known as Ususama Myōō 烏枢沙摩明王 or, in the Huì-jī form, as a kitchen-and-toilet protector. DILA Buddhist Person Authority A001316. Source: 佛光: 3673.