Jìngwǎn 靜琬
Suí–Táng-transition Buddhist monk (d. 639), initiator of the Fángshān shíjīng 房山石經 stone-engraved canon project at Yúnjūsì 雲居寺 of Fángshān 房山 (modern Beijing area). Driven by the mòfǎ 末法 (“final dharma”) concern that paper and silk copies of the canon would not survive political and natural catastrophes, Jìngwǎn began engraving the Buddhist canon on stone slabs c. 605, continuing the project through his lifetime; subsequent generations of Fángshān monks extended the engraving through the Liáo and Jīn periods.