Gōng Zìzhēn 龔自珍 (1792–1841; CBDB gives 1793–1842 by traditional reckoning, but the conventional dates 1792–1841 follow modern Western-calendar conversion), zì Sèrén 璱人 (also Ěryù 爾玉), hào Dìngān 定盦 (also written 定庵), additional hào Yǔlíngshānmín 羽琌山民. Native of Rénhé 仁和, Hángzhōu, Zhèjiāng. The single most influential intellectual transitional figure between QiánJiā kǎozhèng and the late-Qīng reform movements; prophet of dynastic decline and principal late-Cháng-zhōu transmitter of the Gōngyáng New Text program. Son of the Hànlín scholar 龔麗正 Gōng Lìzhèng; maternal grandson of 段玉裁 Duàn Yùcái 段玉裁 (Duàn’s daughter was Gōng’s mother). Studied under Liú Fénglù 劉逢祿 (1776–1829), the central second-generation Chángzhōu Gōngyáng master. Jìnshì of Dàoguāng 9 (1829); held minor posts in the Boards of Rites and Personnel; resigned in 1839 disillusioned with deepening dynastic crisis (the Opium War broke out the next year) and returned south. Died at Dānyáng in 1841 under unexplained circumstances (rumors of poisoning persisted in late-Qīng memoir). Major works: Dìngān wénjí KR4f0064 (3 juan + 4-juan xùjí) and Dìngān wénjí bǔbiān KR4f0065 (4 juan); the Jǐhài záshī 己亥雜詩 series of 315 quatrains (composed 1839); the Yǐbǐng zhī jì zhù yì 乙丙之際著議 essays; the Zūn yǐn 尊隱; the Píngjūn piān 平均篇. His Gōngyáng New Text program descends to 康有為 Kāng Yǒuwéi and 梁啟超 Liáng Qǐchāo’s late-Qīng historiographical formulations. ECCP 431–434 (Tu Lien-che); CBDB id 66057.