Japanese specialist of Tibetan-period Dūnhuáng Buddhism (b. 1936), professor at Ryūkoku University 龍谷大學. His principal monograph Tonkō bukkyō no kenkyū 敦煌仏教の研究 (Kyōto: Hōzōkan, 1990) is the standard treatment of the cross-cultural Sino-Tibetan Buddhist culture of Dūnhuáng during the Tibetan-imperial occupation (786–848). Co-editor (with 袁德領) of Púsà zǒngchí fǎ (KR6v0030) — the Nánzōng Chán treatise from the Tibetan-period Pelliot 3777 scroll.