Late-Qīng official, mathematician, phonologist, and educational reformer; native of Tóngxiāng 桐鄉, Zhèjiāng. CBDB id 61773 (1843–1921). Jìnshì 1871; served in the Hànlín Academy and held a series of provincial education postings, culminating in Jiāngsū tíxuéshǐ 提學使 (Provincial Education Commissioner) in the Xuāntǒng period. Best known as the author of the Jiǎnzì pǔ 簡字譜 (1907) and other phonetic-script reform proposals, the Gǔchóu suànxué 古籌算學, and as one of the post-1911 Qing-loyalist scholars who continued to support the restoration cause. Wrote the second preface to KR3em034 Hóukē jīnyuè quánshū in mid-summer 1911, extending the throat-as-strategic-pass metaphor across cosmology, geography, and government. CBDB also has a second entry id 589469 with no dates, likely a homonym variant.