Zhāng Zōngxiáng 張宗祥 (1882–1965), zì Làngshēng 閬聲, hào Lěngsēng 冷僧, native of Hǎiníng 海寧, Zhèjiāng. One of the most prominent late-Qīng to mid-PRC bibliographers, calligraphers, and librarians. Director-founder of the modern Zhèjiāng Provincial Library (1922) and editor of numerous critical editions of Sòng, Yuán, Míng, and Qīng texts. His calligraphy — in a vigorous xíngshū style indebted to the late-Míng masters — is still widely collected.
His medical contribution is the Běncǎo jiǎnyào fāng 本草簡要方 (KR3ed121), compiled in 1943 during wartime refuge in Guìlín 桂林 and Chóngqìng 重慶 while he was in service at the Chinese Farmers’ Bank (Zhōngguó nóngmín yínháng). The work’s methodological premise is that Chinese pharmacological efficacy derives from accumulated empirical drug-experience rather than from speculative yīnyáng wǔxíng cosmology — a recognisably modern-Republican reformist position on traditional Chinese medicine.
After 1949 Zhāng held senior cultural positions in the new PRC: he was head of the Bureau of Drama-Reform (戲劇研究室) and a member of the Zhèjiāng provincial cultural-policy councils. He died in 1965, aged 83. His complete works including the Lěngsēng wénjí and substantial editorial output were published by Shànghǎi gǔjí chūbǎnshè in the 1990s.