Northern-Sòng paleographer and Daoist priest, zì Qiānzhōng 謙中, of Húzhōu 湖州 (modern Wuxing, Zhejiang). Grandson of the famous cí-poet Zhāng Xiān 張先 (990–1078). Renounced family life and ordained as a Daoist priest. His monumental work, the Fùgǔ biān KR1j0031, is the principal Northern-Sòng work of orthographic standardization for zhèngtǐ (correct-form) writing — a refinement of Yán Yuánsūn’s 顏元孫 catholic principle within the Shuōwén framework, with four-tone organization and six appended biànzhèng essays (notably the first chapter on liánmián zì 聯緜字 / binomial expressions). Lóu Yào’s preface to the work records his strict orthographic practice in stele-engraving (e.g., for the Lín Shū mǔ mùbēi he refused to drop the shān 山 element of Wèi 巍). CBDB lifedates 1053–1113; the catalog meta gives “d. 1054” — this is incorrect (a confusion with another Sòng-period Zhāng Yǒu); the figure 1053–1113 from CBDB and modern reference works is followed here.