Empress Rénxiào 仁孝皇后 (1362–1407, posthumous title Rénxiào Wén Huánghòu 仁孝文皇后), née Xú 徐, principal consort of the Yǒnglè 永樂 emperor (Míng Chéngzǔ 明成祖, Zhū Dì 朱棣, r. 1402–1424). Eldest daughter of the founding-Míng general Xú Dá 徐達 (1332–1385), enfeoffed Duke of Wèi 魏國公; married Zhū Dì in 1376, when Zhū Dì was Prince of Yān 燕王; entitled Empress in 1402 on Zhū Dì’s accession to the throne after the Jìngnán 靖難 campaign.
She was a notably devout Buddhist throughout her life and patronised major Buddhist publishing and ritual projects. Her own writings include the Quànshàn shū 勸善書 (a moral admonition-text in five fascicles) and the KR6i0580 DàMíng Rénxiào Huánghòu mènggǎn Fóshuō dìyī xīyǒu dàgōngdé jīng 大明仁孝皇后夢感佛說第一希有大功德經 (X01 no. 010), a Mahāyāna sūtra she described as having received in a dream-vision on the first day of Hóngwǔ 31 (1398). She died Yǒnglè 5 / 7 / 4 (= 6 August 1407), aged 46. Her tomb, the Chánglíng 長陵, is the principal mausoleum of the Míng tombs (十三陵) at Tiānshòushān 天壽山 outside Beijing; the Yǒnglè emperor was buried beside her on his death in 1424.
Sources: Míng shǐ 明史 j. 113 (Hòufēi zhuàn), the Quànshàn shū’s preface, and the prefatory matter of the Mènggǎn jīng.