Lǐ Zhìjiǎn 李贄簡 (1527–1602), more commonly known by the literary name Lǐ Zhuówú 李卓吾 / Li Zhi, the great late-Míng Buddhist-syncretist intellectual and philosopher. (Note: in some Buddhist editorial contexts including Huáyán jīng hé lùn jiǎn yào he appears under the variant name 李贄簡 or 李贄, reflecting transmission through Buddhist editorial channels rather than his standard literary signature.) Native of Quánzhōu 泉州 (modern Fújiàn). Originally a Confucian-trained official who served in various Míng prefectures, he turned in his later years to a radical Buddhist-Daoist-syncretic philosophy that rejected the Neo-Confucian orthodoxy and embraced a Buddhist-influenced critique of conventional morality. He took monastic vows late in life at the Lóngtán hú 龍潭湖 area of Húběi.
His major works — Fén shū 焚書 (“Books to be Burnt”) and Cáng shū 藏書 (“Books to be Hidden”) — are the most significant late-Míng intellectual challenges to Neo-Confucian orthodoxy. He took an active interest in the Avataṃsaka and produced the Huáyán jīng hé lùn jiǎn yào 華嚴經合論簡要 in 4 fascicles (X225) — a heavy abridgement of 志寧 Zhì-níng’s Hé lùn (X223) for lay-Buddhist readers. Imprisoned in 1602 on charges of subverting public morals, he committed suicide in his Beijing prison cell that year.