Hóng Liàngjí 洪亮吉 (1746–1809; original given name 禮吉 Lǐjí, used until the late 1780s), zì Zhìcún 稚存, hào Běijiāng 北江, also Gēngshēng 更生 (after his 1799 banishment-remission). Native of Yánghú 陽湖, Chángzhōu 常州, Jiāngsū. Jìnshì of Qiánlóng 55 (1790) ranking second in the èrjiǎ (a bǎngyǎn); Hànlín biānxiū; provincial education commissioner of Guìzhōu. In 1799, on the accession of the 嘉慶帝 Jiāqìng emperor following Qiánlóng’s death and the fall of 和珅 Héshēn, Hóng submitted a sealed memorial criticizing the laxity of late-Qiánlóng court administration; he was sentenced to death (commuted to banishment to Yīlí 伊犁) and after roughly 100 days remitted on account of a drought ascribed by imperial edict to the injustice of his sentence. He retired to Chángzhōu and continued to write until his death in 1809. Major works: Juǎnshīgé wénjí and Gēngshēngzhāi wénjí (combined as the Hóng Běijiāng shīwénjí KR4f0056); Dōngjìn jiāngyù zhì 東晉疆域志 (Eastern Jin historical geography); Shíliùguó jiāngyù zhì 十六國疆域志 (Sixteen Kingdoms historical geography); Chūnqiū Zuǒzhuàn gǔ 春秋左傳詁; the Yì yán 意言 essay-series including his celebrated proto-Malthusian Zhìpíng piān 治平篇 on population pressure (composed c. 1793, twenty years before Malthus’s Essay on the Principle of Population). ECCP 373–375 (Tu Lien-che); CBDB id 30731.