Qīngliáng Chéngguān 清涼澄觀 (738–839)
Tang Buddhist exegete, fourth patriarch of the Huáyán 華嚴 school and imperial-state preceptor (Qīngliáng guóshī 清涼國師) under successive Tang emperors. Native of Yuèzhōu 越州, lay surname Xiàhóu 夏侯. The author of the encyclopaedic Huáyán-jīng shū 大方廣佛華嚴經疏 and its yǎnyì chāo 演義鈔, the canonical Tang Huáyán commentary on the Avataṃsaka-sūtra; together with substantial sub-commentaries and devotional / self-disciplinary verse. The Shí shì zì lì 十事自勵 (“Ten-point self-exhortation”) attributed to Chéngguān forms a staple of the late-imperial Vinaya xíngchí curriculum and is appended as a fùlù in 性祇 Xìng Qí’s Píní rìyòng lù (KR6k0258). Per DILA A000056.