Zhàoyíng 照瑩
A late-Qīng Pure Land monk active in the Cényáng 涔陽 region (in modern Lǐzhōu 澧州 / Lǐxiàn 澧縣, Húnán) during the Tóngzhì 同治 / Guāngxù 光緒 reigns. Religious name Zhàoyíng 照瑩; zì Kōnglíng 空靈 (“Empty-Numinous”); hào Guīxī 歸西 (“Returning-West”); alternate sobriquet Liànxī dàshī 戀西大師 (“Master Yearning-for-the-West”). His pastoral self-conception is captured by the cluster of “western” sobriquets — Guīxī, Liànxī — which all express longing for the xīfāng jílè 西方極樂 of Amitābha.
He is the author of the 《淨業痛策》 Jìngyè tòng cè KR6p0118 (X1199) — a single-juǎn Pure Land jǐngcè (admonitory) tract — together with the Mítuójīng lǐxiǎng yí 彌陀經禮想儀 ritual contained in the same anthology, which adapts the Mítuó xíngyí prescribed by Xǐng’ān Shíxián 省庵實賢 (1686–1734, conventionally enumerated as the eleventh patriarch of Chinese Pure Land). His direct disciple Xīnyǒng 心永, of Shānyīn fǎyuánān 山陰法源庵 in Zhèjiāng, prepared the printed edition of 1877 by binding the Tòng cè together with 古崑 Gǔkūn’s Jìngtǔ bìqiú KR6p0107 (X1188), so that the late-Qīng jǐngcè tradition of Zhàoyíng / Liànxī fed into the late-Qīng Hangzhou-region Pure Land anthological programme.