Xún Kuàng 荀況 (conventional dates ca. 313–238 BCE), also known as Xún Qīng 荀卿 and (in Hàn sources, by taboo on Xuāndì’s given name 詢) as Sūn Qīng 孫卿, was a native of the state of Zhào 趙. According to Liú Xiàng’s 劉向 Bièlù 別錄, he travelled south to Qí 齊 and joined the Jìxià 稷下 academy in the time of King Xuān 宣王, later moving to Chǔ 楚, where Lord Chūnshēn 春申君 made him magistrate of Lánlíng 蘭陵. After Lord Chūnshēn’s assassination in 238 BCE Xún was dismissed and remained in Lánlíng. The dating problem is acute: the Shǐjì says he came to Qí at the age of fifty, but on the standard chronology that figure is incompatible with the death of Lord Chūnshēn — Cháo Gōngwǔ 晁公武 in his Dúshū zhì 讀書志 plausibly emended 五十 to 十五. He is the third great Confucian after Confucius and Mencius, but the doctrine of xìng è 性惡 (human nature is evil and goodness is wěi 偽 = “made”) and his pupils Lǐ Sī 李斯 and Hán Fēi 韓非 made his work polemically vulnerable in the orthodox tradition. The Kanripo catalog dates him -313 to -238; CBDB does not contain him (Warring States figures predate its scope). His major work Xúnzǐ 荀子 is KR3a0002.