Northern-Sòng statesman, philologist, and lexicographer, zì Zǐmíng 子明, of Huòlù 獲鹿 (Hebei). Granted jìnshì status in early Tiānxǐ, he rose through Hànlín shìjiǎng and Tiānzhānggé shìjiǎng to Tóng zhōngshūménxià píngzhāngshì (Grand Councillor) in the Qìnglì era (1041–48); under Yīngzōng he held zuǒ púshè and was enfeoffed as Wèiguó gōng 魏國公; posthumous title Wényuán 文元. His career is covered in his Sòngshǐ biography (juàn 285). His principal philological work, Qúnjīng yīnbiàn KR1j0010 (presented 1039), is the first systematic Sòng treatment of multi-reading characters across the Classics; it contributed substantively to the imperial Jíyùn KR1j0057 presented in the same year. The Sìkù tíyào notes that the work — though not free of source-critical lapses — remained a standard xiǎoxué reference. CBDB gives lifedates 998–1065; the tíyào gives only the period of his political activity, omitting precise dates.