Late-Qīng zhuàngyuán 狀元 (top jìnshì of the Tóngzhì 13 / 1874 examination), courtesy name 鳳石 Fèngshí, native of 元和 Yuánhé (Sūzhōu, Jiāngsū). CBDB id 61534, 1841–1915. Served at the highest levels of late-Qīng bureaucracy — Hànlín xiūzhuàn 翰林修撰, Tíxuéshǐ of multiple provinces, Wényuāngé dàxuéshì 文淵閣大學士 — and after the 1911 revolution refused to serve the Republic, becoming the principal classical-letter teacher of the deposed Xuāntǒng Emperor in the Imperial Household. Active calligrapher and bibliophile. Wrote the senior preface to KR3em034 Hóukē jīnyuè quánshū (mid-summer 1911), modestly disclaiming medical expertise but praising the author袁仁賢 for “spirit-journeying in the age of Shénnóng and Huángdì.”