Late-Yuán / early-Míng recluse-poet of Kāihuà 開化 (Qúzhōu 衢州, modern Zhèjiāng). Style-name Qǐyuán 起元; self-styled Tóngshān lǎonóng 桐山老農 (“Old Farmer of Mount Tóng”). His distant ancestors were of Qūfù in Shāndōng (he so identifies in his Wànqīngxuān jì). He flourished in the late Zhìzhèng era and lived into the early Hóngwǔ, refusing service: the tíyào notes that his prose pieces composed under the Yuán bear Zhìzhèng reign-names, but those composed after the Míng founding bear only cyclical-year designations — a textbook yílǎo recension marker (Táo Qián’s Lìlǐ kàngjié model: refusing to acknowledge the new dynasty’s regnal calendar). His Tóngshān lǎonóng jí 桐山老農集 (KR4d0567) is the surviving collection (4 juǎn — 3 prose, 1 poetry). The Sìkù tíyào judges his work as showing the limits of late-Yuán country-literatus learning (mistakes in classical reference, casual use of popular folk-figure names like Zhōu Cāng 周倉 in formal míng inscriptions for which the figure has no classical-historical warrant) but commends his personal integrity and unpretentious natural register.