Jiǔjīng bǔyùn 九經補韻
Rhyme-supplement from the Nine Classics by 楊伯嵒 (Yáng Bóyán, zì Yànzhān 彥瞻, hào Yǒngzhāi 泳齋)
About the work
A 1-juàn private supplement to the official Lǐbù yùnlüè KR1j0060 / KR1j0061 aimed at recovering c. 79 entry-graphs from the Nine Classics (Yì, Shū, Máo Shī, Zhōulǐ, Lǐjì, Zuǒzhuàn, Gōngyáng zhuàn, Mèngzǐ) which the official rhyme-book had omitted, plus c. 88 further graphs which the yùnlüè compilers had refused to admit on grounds of yīnyìfúshùn (the reading is non-canonical) or sàngzhì suǒchū (the graph belongs to mourning-rite vocabulary and should not be rhymed). Composed Jiādìng 17 / 10 month / jǐwàng (1224); the author’s preface is explicit that the supplement is for private jiāshú (family-school) use, not for official petition. Distribution: Yì 1 graph, Shū 1 graph, Máo Shī 6 graphs, Zhōulǐ 31 graphs, Lǐjì 31 graphs, Zuǒzhuàn 5 graphs, Gōngyáng zhuàn 2 graphs, Mèngzǐ 2 graphs. Each entry indicates the rhyme and niǔ under which the graph should be added in the yùnlüè. The Sìkù tíyào judges Yáng’s classical research as generally precise but flags methodological inconsistencies — e.g., the inclusion of jiǎjiè readings (xiū 修 read as dí 滌 in the Sīzūnyí of Zhōulǐ; fú 孚 read as fú 浮 in the Pìnyì of Lǐjì) which belong to Old phonology, not to current rhyme-application; and similarly the inclusion of duplicate-form zhòngwén (e.g., dǎn 黮 in Pànshuǐ of Shī; shì 簭 in Zhānrén of Zhōulǐ; liú 㳉 in Chéng 5 of Gōngyáng) which have no rhyme-significance.
Tiyao
The Jiǔjīng bǔyùn in 1 juàn. Composed by Yáng Bóyán of the Sòng. Bóyán, zì Yànsī (he calls himself Yànzhān in the preface), hào Yǒngzhāi, self-styles as a man of Dàijùn — but in Southern-Sòng times Dàijùn was already under the Jīn, so this is the family ancestral-place-name. Under Chúnyòu (1241–1252) he served as Gōngbù láng and was Qúzhōu shǒu. Sòng-period rhyme-books since Dīng Dù 丁度’s revision of Jǐngyòu were placed alongside the Nine Classics in the xuéguān — examination candidates dared not depart from them; new graphs to be added had first to be petitioned for review and only then admitted. So the supplementary-issued 63 graphs and additional 61 graphs each have their gloss noted under their respective entry. But graphs whose readings were judged non-canonical, or were drawn from mourning-rite contexts, could not be petitioned for inclusion — hence many graphs in the Guǎngyùn and Jíyùn remain absent. Yáng’s book then is a compensation: from the Nine Classics he picks 79 graphs ought-to-be-added, distributed as: Yì 1 / Shū 1 / Máo Shī 6 / Zhōulǐ 31 / Lǐjì 31 / Zuǒzhuàn 5 / Gōngyáng zhuàn 2 / Mèngzǐ 2; each is annotated as “to be added under such-and-such rhyme, in such-and-such niǔ”. Plus 88 graphs of irregular reading or mourning-rite provenance — at the time the sàngzhì category was extremely strictly applied: e.g., the Tángōng “Héjū” — where jū was an interrogative — was treated as having mortuary association and forbidden in rhyme. Yáng appended these too. His preface says: “I do not dare submit this for an official supplement” — i.e., even the graphs he proposes for addition were never petitioned. The book examines classical evidence with much precision; only certain inclusions go astray: e.g. the xiū of Zhōulǐ “Sīzūnyí xiūjué” reading dí, the fú of Lǐjì “Pìnyì fúyún” reading fú (浮), are jiǎjiè belonging to Old phonology, inapplicable to current rhyme-application; the dǎn of Pànshuǐ in Shī, the shì of Zhānrén in Zhōulǐ, the liú of Chéng 5 in Gōngyángzhuàn are zhòngwén biétǐ (variant graphic forms of an ordinary character) with no rhyme-significance — including these crosses the boundary between rhyme-book and character-dictionary. Presented Qiánlóng 44 / 10 (1779). General Editors Jì Yún, Lù Xīxióng, Sūn Shìyì; Chief Collator Lù Fèichí.
Abstract
The Jiǔjīng bǔyùn is a Southern-Sòng (Jiādìng 17 / 1224) private rhyme-supplement aimed at recovering Classical-text rhyming evidence excluded from the official Sòng Lǐbù yùnlüè. The 79 bǔ graphs cover the Nine Classics; 88 further graphs are added in an appendix covering readings rejected by the yùnlüè on grounds of irregular phonology or mourning-rite associations. The author is Yáng Bóyán, a minor Southern-Sòng official who served as Qúzhōu shǒu in the 1240s. The work is significant as a documentary witness to (a) the institutional rigidity of the yùnlüè’s petition-and-review process, and (b) Sòng miàohuì / sàngzhì taboo as it constrained rhyme-application. The Sìkù tíyào notes Yáng’s methodological confusion of Old-phonology jiǎjiè with current readings, and his over-inclusion of zhòngwén biétǐ — but acknowledges the book’s careful Classical-citation work. notBefore = notAfter = 1224.
Translations and research
No substantial secondary literature located. The work is a minor contribution; mentioned in the standard Sòng-rhyme-book histories (Píng Tián Chāng-sī 1986; Lǐ Jiā-shù 2008) but without dedicated study.