讀書分年日程

Dúshū fēnnián rìchéng 讀書分年日程

Daily Schedule for Reading by Year by 程端禮 (Chéng Duānlǐ, zì Jìngshū 敬叔, 1271–1345, 元)

(Note: this work is also catalogued in Kanripo under its longer title as KR3a0033 Chéngshì jiāshú dúshū fēnnián rìchéng 程氏家塾讀書分年日程, in the SBCK reproduction. The present KR3a0072 entry is the SKQS-base WYG recension. The two are essentially the same work; for biographical and substantive context see KR3a0033.)

About the work

Chéng Duānlǐ’s foundational Yuán-period schedule of Lǐxué-orthodox classical study, in three juan. Self-prefaced Yányòu 2 (1315). The work organises the daily and yearly classical curriculum from age eight through the Sìshū / Wǔjīng and Lǐxué canon, building methodologically on Fǔ Hànqīng 輔漢卿’s compilation of Zhū Xī’s Dúshū fǎ (which is the parallel work catalogued at KR3a0070). The structuring framework is Zhū Xī’s six-fold dúshū fǎ: jū jìng chí zhì 居敬持志, xún xù jiàn jìn 循序漸進, shú dú jīng sī 熟讀精思, xū xīn hán yǒng 虛心涵泳, qiè jǐ tǐ chá 切己體察, zhuó jǐn yòng lì 著緊用力. Chéng’s own bá (postface) is dated Yuántǒng 3 / month 11 / day 1 (1335) — just before the Zhìyuán re-naming of the era. The Yuán shǐ states that the Guózǐjiàn distributed the work to the prefectures and counties — but the work’s own postface lists Chóngdé Wúshì, Píngjiāng Lùshì, Chízhōu Féngshì, and Zhèjiāng circulation prints without mentioning Guózǐjiàn sanction, so the Yuán shǐ attribution may refer to a posthumous distribution.

Tiyao

We respectfully submit that the Dúshū fēnnián rìchéng in 3 juan was composed by Chéng Duānlǐ of the Yuán. Duānlǐ, zì Jìngshū, was a man of Qìngyuán. Quick and pure from youth; in maturity comprehended the great meaning of the Liù jīng. Qìngyuán since the late Sòng had honoured Lù Jiǔyuān’s learning, and Zhūzǐ’s learning did not flourish there. Duānlǐ alone followed the disciple of Shǐ Méngqīng 史蒙卿, transmitting Zhūzǐ’s míng tǐ dá yòng purpose. Students in his gate were many. He held office to Qúzhōulù jiàoshòu. His career is in the Yuán shǐ Rúxué zhuàn.

This book has at the head a Yányòu 2 (1315) self-preface saying: “based on Fǔ Hànqīng’s gathered Zhūzǐ dúshū fǎ, modified”. Examining Zhūzǐ’s dúshū fǎ six conditions — first jū jìng chí zhì, second xún xù jiàn jìn, third shú dú jīng sī, fourth xū xīn hán yǒng, fifth qiè jǐ tǐ chá, sixth zhuó jǐn yòng lì. Throughout the year, month, and day, the reading-schedule limits differ, but all is taken with Zhūzǐ’s six conditions as the gānglǐng.

The Yuán shǐ biography says that what he wrote was the Dúshū gōng chéng (Reading Project), and that the Guózǐjiàn distributed it to the prefectures and counties. But this book’s end has Duānlǐ’s own bá listing in turn the Chóngdé Wúshì, Píngjiāng Lùshì, Chízhōu Féngshì, and JiāngZhè various locations’ transcribed and printed editions — without mentioning Guózǐjiàn distribution. So the Yuán shǐ statement may refer to events after Duānlǐ’s body. The bá is dated Yuántǒng 3 / month 11 / day 1 (1335). Examining: Shùndì in Yuántǒng 3 / month 11 / day 1 changed the era to Zhìyuán. This is dated month 11 / day 1, before xīnchǒu’s era-change, so the Yuántǒng era-name still applies.

[Tíyào continues; abbreviated.]

Respectfully revised and submitted, ninth month of the forty-third year of Qiánlóng [1778].

General Compilers: Jǐ Yún 紀昀, Lù Xīxióng 陸錫熊, Sūn Shìyì 孫士毅.

Abstract

The Dúshū fēnnián rìchéng is the principal Yuán-period systematic schedule of Lǐxué-orthodox classical study, with substantial influence on YuánMíngQīng (and East Asian) educational practice. The composition window is precisely datable through the prefaces and bá: the original composition by Yányòu 2 (1315), the final bá dated Yuántǒng 3 / month 11 / day 1 (1335). The frontmatter brackets to 1315–1335.

The substantive content is the most-detailed pre-modern East-Asian schedule of classical study, prescribing the daily zì-count, the rotation of bèi / kàn / xiě / zuò exercises, the year-by-year reading sequence, and the philosophical-pedagogical framework derived from Zhū Xī’s six-fold dúshū fǎ. The work’s circulation in late-imperial China and in Korean / Japanese / Vietnamese reception makes it among the most influential pre-modern East-Asian educational works.

The textual relationship with KR3a0033 (the SBCK Chéngshì jiāshú dúshū fēnnián rìchéng) is essentially identity — same work, different printing-base. The SKQS title abbreviates by removing Chéngshì jiāshú.

The bibliographic record: Yuán shǐ yìwén zhì (where extant); Yuán shǐ Rúxué zhuàn (Chéng Duānlǐ biography mentioning the work); Wényuāngé shūmù; Yǒnglè dàdiǎn; SKQS Zǐbù — Rújiā lèi.

Translations and research

(See KR3a0033 for the full bibliography — Wāng Jiā 汪佳, Benjamin Elman, Thomas H. C. Lee, Yán Zhì-zhōng.)

Other points of interest

The dual cataloguing in Kanripo (KR3a0033 SBCK + KR3a0072 SKQS) is consistent with the Kanripo principle of preserving distinct printing bases. The two entries should be treated as the same work for substantive purposes.

Note the Yuántǒng 3 bá date (1335) is precisely on the edge of the Yuántǒng / Zhìyuán era-change — Chéng was working until very near the date of his death (1345); the bá is one of his last datable writings.

Links

• Chéngshì jiāshú dúshū fēnnián rìchéng (KR3a0033) — the parallel SBCK entry of the same work.
• Zhū Xī, Dúshū fǎ (the source-framework, with thematic anthology in KR3a0070).
• Fǔ Hànqīng’s compilation of Zhū Xī’s Dúshū fǎ (cited as Chéng’s modification base).
• Yuán shǐ j. 190 (Rúxué zhuàn / Chéng Duānlǐ).
• Kyoto Zinbun, Sìkù quánshū zǒngmù tíyào
• Wikipedia
• Wikidata