Lízhèng ànmó yàoshù 釐正按摩要術
Rectified Essentials of Massage Technique by 張筱衫 Zhāng Xiǎoshān (Zhāng Zhènjūn 振鋆) (釐訂); ultimately based on a Wàn-lì-era manuscript by 周於蕃 Zhōu Yúfān (原撰)
About the work
A four-juan late-Qīng pediatric ànmó / tuīná (massage-therapy) manual edited by Zhāng Zhènjūn 張振鋆 (zì Xiǎoshān 筱衫; also written 筱衫 or 醴泉; hào Tìlìzǐ 惕厲子) of Bǎoyìng 寶應 (modern Jiāngsū), self-prefaced in Guāngxù 14 wùzǐ 戊子 (winter, 11th month, 1888) and printed at Yángzhōu 揚州. The work has a complex transmission history reconstructed in the five 序 prefaces preserved in KR3ee054_000.txt: it ultimately descends from an unpublished Wàn-lì-era manuscript 推拿要訣 Tuīná yàojué (also called Tuīná mìjué 推拿秘訣) by 周於蕃 Zhōu Yúfān of Húběi (Chǔ 楚 region), passed down within one Zhāng family for some twenty years, recovered by 張言禮 Zhāng Yánlǐ (hào Xīnqiáo 心樵) of Dāntú 丹徒, who in 1887 (dīnghài 丁亥) gave the manuscript to his namesake Zhāng Zhènjūn (Zhāng Xiǎoshān) for editorial reorganization, illustration, and printing. Zhāng Xiǎoshān’s preface explains his editorial program: he reorders the chaotic transmitted manuscript, refines the rustic prose, supplies eight massage-method names with definitions (tuī, ná, qiā, róu, cuō, yáo, shè, chě, yùn, guā, fēn, hé), adds new diagnostic chapters by means of wàng 望 (inspection), wén 聞 (auscultation), wèn 問 (interrogation), qiè 切 (palpation), supplies Tóngrén charts for the channels and points (the standard fourteen-channel diagrams plus a new chest-and-back, palm-and-foot illustrations specific to pediatric massage), and adds an external-treatment supplement of nine jíchéng wàizhì 集成外治 methods, of which one is Zhāng’s own innovation (signed Tìlìzǐ 惕厲子).
The four juan are structured as follows: juan 1, diagnostic essentials (the eight major signs to read in a small child — shénqì 神氣 / xíngsè 形色 / miàn 面 / yǎn 眼 / ěr 耳 / chún 唇 / chǐ 齒 / bízhǔn 鼻準, plus tongue-coating, finger-vein, hand-and-foot, voice, abdominal palpation, urine-and-stool, and pulse); juan 2, the eight core ànmó methods plus the hàntùxià 汗吐下 (sweat-vomit-purge) trio, with full point charts; juan 3, syndrome-by-syndrome treatment beginning with the jīngfēng 驚風 (child-fright) and continuing through the standard pediatric nosology; juan 4, yùyīng 鬻嬰 (child-rearing) — a final book of preventive-care precepts gathered from earlier masters. The Hǎiwài huíguī Zhōngyī shànběn gǔjí cóngshū reprint is the standard modern edition.
Abstract
Lízhèng ànmó yàoshù is one of the most successful late-Qīng pediatric-massage monographs and the principal late-Qīng systematization of the tuīná tradition for children. Its significance is fourfold: (1) it preserves and rationalizes the Wàn-lì-era Zhōu Yúfān manuscript Tuīná yàojué — a late-Míng text otherwise lost in print — which Zhāng’s preface identifies as the Míng-period source from which the printed Qīng manuals derive; (2) it makes a sustained diagnostic argument that ànmó must be practiced under proper biànzhèng discipline, refusing the rustic mǒjīng 抹驚 (“just rub-the-fright”) method then circulating in folk practice; (3) it supplies the first comprehensive graphical apparatus of Tóngrén channel-and-point charts adapted specifically for pediatric application — fourteen-channel zhèngshēn / fùshēn / yángzhǎng / yīnzhǎng / zúbù diagrams plus pediatric face, ear, eye, hand, finger-vein, and tongue-coating illustrations; (4) it gives the older ànmó terminology priority over the more common popular term tuīná, recovering a more Sùwèn-respecting nomenclature (“the Sùwèn says: piàohàn zhě, àn ér shōu zhī 慓悍者，按而收之; and: mó zhī yù zhī 摩之浴之 — ànmó is also what the ancients most valued”).
The work’s prefaces also document the late-Qīng pediatric-medicine network of Jiāngnán: the prefaces are by 王儀鄭 Wáng Yízhèng of Xūyí 盱眙 (yīnyúdì 姻愚弟); 陳桂馨 Chén Guìxīn of Gānquán 甘泉; 孫風翔 Sūn Fèngxiáng of Jiāngdōu 江都 (the named cānjiào 參校 collaborator); Zhāng Yánlǐ (the manuscript-recoverer); and Zhāng Xiǎoshān himself. The publication was financed by collective juézī 醵資 from the named network.
Translations and research
- Wáng Jǐn-huái 王金懷 (ed.), Lí-zhèng àn-mó yào-shù jiào-zhù 釐正按摩要術校注, Beijing: Renmin weisheng chubanshe, 1990 — the standard modern critical edition.
- Wang Shuomin 王朔民 (ed.), Zhōng-guó tuī-ná dà-quán 中國推拿大全, Beijing: Renmin weisheng, 1999, ch. on late-Qīng pediatric tuī-ná.
- Yán Shìyún 嚴世芸 (ed.), Zhōng-yī rén-wù cí-diǎn 中醫人物辭典 — entry on Zhāng Zhèn-jūn (張振鋆).
Other points of interest
The four-juan structure with diagnostic juan 1 + technical juan 2 + clinical juan 3 + preventive juan 4 became the implicit template for the Republican-era successor KR3ee053 (Tuīná juéwēi, Tú Wèishēng, 1928), which makes much the same polemical argument against rustic tuīná practice. The two works are thus the principal Qīng / Republican reform manifestos for pediatric massage as a biànzhèng-disciplined specialty.
Links
- Hǎiwài huíguī Zhōngyī shànběn gǔjí cóngshū.
- Wikidata Q12101245 (釐正按摩要術)
- Kanseki DB
- 釐正按摩要術 (jicheng.tw)