雲谷雜記

Yúngǔ zájì 雲谷雜記

Miscellaneous Records from Cloud Valley

by 張淏 (Zhāng Hào, fl. ca. 1190–1230; zì Qīngyuán 清源)

About the work

A Southern-Sòng bǐjì by Zhāng Hào 張淏, the Kāifēng-born émigré settled in Wùzhōu 婺州 (modern Jīnhuá) and known principally for the Bǎoqìng Kuàijī xùzhì 寶慶會稽續志 KR2k0017. The Yúngǔ zájì is a work of pure kǎojù 考據, modelled with deliberate reverence on Hóng Mài’s KR3j0038 Róngzhāi suíbǐ — Zhāng’s own postface acknowledges this — and treats philological, historical, and bibliographic problems with conspicuous accuracy. Independent transmission was lost: the work is not recorded in either the Sòng shǐ · Yìwén zhì or the Wénxiàn tōngkǎo; only the Wényuàngé shūmù 文淵閣書目 lists “one volume,” and that volume too perished. The present recension was reconstituted by the Sìkù editors from over a hundred entries excerpted in the Yǒnglè dàdiǎn 永樂大典, supplemented by Xú Bāngxiàn’s 徐邦憲 letter and Zhāng’s own shízhì 識語 preserved at the head, and three postfaces by Yáng Jí 楊楫, Zhāng Yǐng 章頴, and the great Yǒngjiā philosopher Yè Shì 葉適, plus Zhāng’s own zìbá 自跋, all preserved intact at the end.

Tiyao

We respectfully submit that Yúngǔ zájì in four juan, by Zhāng Hào of the Sòng. Hào, zì Qīngyuán, was a man of Wǔyì 武義 in Wùzhōu — his native registration is in the Jīnhuá zhì 金華志, but Chén Zhènsūn’s Shūlù jiětí calls him “Zhāng Hào of Liángguó” 梁國張淏, indicating that he was originally of Kāifēng and migrated to Wù. He passed the jìnshì in Shàoxīng 27 [1157] and was first appointed Jiāngshìláng 將仕郎 zhǔguǎn of the Lìbù jiàgé wénzì 吏部架閣文字, recommended for bèi gùwèn 備顧問. In Shàodìng 1 [1228] he retired with the rank of Fèngyì láng 奉議郎. His contemporaries praised his learning as broadly steeped and his memory as comprehensive, his writings being abundant. The Yúngǔ zájì’s continuation by Shī Sù 施宿 of the Kuàijī zhì 會稽志 KR2k0016 still survives in extract; but the present book is not recorded in the Sòng zhì 宋志 or in the Wénxiàn tōngkǎo. Only the Wényuàngé shūmù recorded “one volume” — and that copy too has long perished, no version transmitted in the world. We have now extracted from the Yǒnglè dàdiǎn over a hundred entries; in addition there is a letter from Xú Bāngxiàn 徐邦憲 and one shízhì by Zhāng Hào himself, which were originally placed at the head of the book; also three postfaces by Yáng Jí 楊楫, Zhāng Yǐng 章頴, and Yè Shì 葉適, and a zìbá by Zhāng Hào, all preserved intact. We have respectfully arranged the entries by category, set them in four juan, and placed the letter, prefaces, and postfaces at the head and end to approximately restore the original arrangement.

Sòng shuōbù writings are profuse and various; most pluck the bizarre and parade the new without bearing on solid evidence. Only Hóng Mài’s Róngzhāi suíbǐ 容齋隨筆 in its discrimination of names and meanings is exceptionally fine and forms a resource for those who would investigate antiquity. Hào’s book in fact follows after Mài’s and was written in that same spirit — being someone able to give himself singly to kǎojù learning. Its main intent is set forth in the zìbá: hence its conclusions are precise and cautious, its investigations detailed and clear, and across the celebrated authors’ works in transmission he can analyze the doubts and rectify the errors. For example, his discussion that huì 蕙 is not the línglingxiāng 零陵香 refutes the slip in Shào Bó’s 邵博 Wénjiàn lù 聞見録; his demonstration that Wáng Xīzhī 王羲之 in the goose-exchange anecdote did indeed have Huángtíng 黃庭 and Dàodé 道德 jīng in his possession refutes Cài Tāo’s 蔡條 Xīqīng shīhuà 西清詩話; he cites Dǒng Déyuán 董德元’s word to prove that Sū Shì’s poetic Hǔtóu chéng 虎頭城 means Qiánzhōu 䖍州; and he cites Zēng Cào 曾慥’s Bǎijiā cí 百家詞 to prove that “Hǔ’ér” 虎兒 was Mǐ Yǒurén’s 米友仁 zì; and he picks out errors in the commentaries of Shī Sù 施宿 and Rèn Yuān 任淵.

His dìngzhèng corrections are firmly grounded — truly assistance for the scholar in broadening sight and enriching hearing. It is fitting that his contemporaries took the book very seriously; and Yè Shì’s postface, while raising a question about Zhāng’s analysis of the entry on the title of huāshū 花書 in the Bózhái biān 泊宅編 with a few lines of friendly disputation, was preserved by Zhāng in the body of the book — by which the spirit of friends questioning, sharpening, and improving each other can be vividly imagined. All this is to be commended. Respectfully revised and submitted, ninth month of the forty-third year of Qiánlóng [1778].

General Compilers: Jǐ Yún 紀昀 (note: 均 in the original is a typographical slip for 昀), Lù Xīxióng 陸錫熊, Sūn Shìyì 孫士毅. General Reviser: Lù Fèichí 陸費墀.

Abstract

Zhāng Hào 張淏 (CBDB id 29549; index year 1169) — zì Qīngyuán 清源, originally of Kāifēng, migrated south with his grandfather to Wǔyì 武義 in Wùzhōu 婺州 — is best documented through his two surviving works: this Yúngǔ zájì and the Bǎoqìng Kuàijī xùzhì 寶慶會稽續志 KR2k0017 (eight juan, completed 1225 / Bǎoqìng 1, continuing Shī Sù’s KR2k0016 Jiātài Kuàijī zhì). The Sìkù tíyāo is candid that even his native registration is contested: the Jīnhuá zhì enters him as a Wǔyì man, while Chén Zhènsūn’s Zhízhāi shūlù jiětí 直齋書錄解題 records him as “Zhāng Hào of Liángguó” 梁國張淏 (i.e. originally of the Kāifēng region). The most likely reconciliation is that he was Kāifēng-born but settled in Wù from his grandfather’s generation onward.

The Yúngǔ zájì opens with a striking personal document: a long shízhì 識語 by Zhāng dated Jiādìng jiǎxū (= 1214) recounting his decades-long friendship with the Bǎomógé dàizhì 寶謨閣待制 Xú Bāngxiàn 徐邦憲, who had befriended Zhāng (despite their generational difference) on the strength of a poem the young Zhāng wrote for him. Xú’s letter introducing Zhāng to a higher patron is reproduced as the actual frontispiece. Zhāng explains his decision to print Xú’s letter in front of the book by analogy with Jì Zhá 季札’s hanging the precious sword on Xújūn’s tomb-tree even after Xújūn’s death — a quietly moving testament to friendship across rank.

The dating bracket adopted here (notBefore 1190, notAfter 1230) reflects the work’s mature compositional life: most entries are presumably datable to Zhāng’s mature scholarly years between his Kuàijī continuation work (drafting through the 1210s) and the postfaces by Yáng Jí, Zhāng Yǐng, and Yè Shì — all three of whom were dead by ca. 1223. Yè Shì’s postface in particular, with its friendly objection to Zhāng’s reading of the Bózhái biān 泊宅編 entry on huāshū 花書, must precede Yè’s death in 1223.

The Yúngǔ zájì exemplifies the rigorous kǎojù trend that found its model in KR3j0038 Róngzhāi suíbǐ: the corrections (of Shào Bó on huì 蕙, of Cài Tāo on the goose-exchange, of Shī Sù and Rèn Yuān on Sòng poetic commentary, etc.) are precise and exceedingly well-cited. The book’s loss in independent transmission and recovery from the Yǒnglè dàdiǎn parallels several other Southern-Sòng bǐjì, but Zhāng was unusually fortunate in that the prefatory and postfacial apparatus was preserved entire by separate transmission — yielding the rare combination of body in fragments and frame in continuum.

Translations and research

No substantial European-language secondary literature located. Modern Chinese editions:

• Yúngǔ zájì 雲谷雜記, Sìkù recension, reprinted in Cóngshū jíchéng chūbiān 叢書集成初編.
• Quán Sòng bǐjì 全宋筆記 series (Dàxiàng chūbǎnshè), critical edition.
• The book is a routine citation source in Sòng poetic textual criticism, especially for Sū Shì 蘇軾 commentary studies (correcting Shī Sù) and for Mǐ Yǒurén 米友仁 biographical research (the Hǔ’ér zì identification).

Other points of interest

The Yè Shì 葉適 postface preserved at the end of the work is itself a small monument: it is the only direct prose record of an exchange between Yè Shì (the principal Yǒngjiā 永嘉 philosopher) and a kǎojù practitioner outside the Yǒngjiā circle. Yè takes Zhāng to task on the question of whether the huāshū 花書 mentioned in the Bózhái biān 泊宅編 is rightly identified — a small philological-bibliographic disagreement, but in the Sìkù editors’ phrase “qiēcuō xiāngzhǎng” 切磋相長, the friendly back-and-forth of mutual sharpening that the editors clearly admire as a model of scholarly conduct.

Links

• Sìkù quánshū zǒngmù tíyào 四庫全書總目提要, Zǐbù · Zájiā lèi, Yúngǔ zájì entry.
• Yè Shì 葉適 postface (preserved in the Sìkù recension).
• Zhāng Hào, Bǎoqìng Kuàijī xùzhì 寶慶會稽續志 KR2k0017, for Zhāng’s parallel work.
• Quán Sòng bǐjì 全宋筆記 series.