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元豐類藁

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Text ID
KR4d0054
Date
1085–1781
Dynasty
宋

Yuánfēng lèigǎo 元豐類藁

Classified Drafts from the Yuán-fēng Period (Collected Works of Zēng Gǒng) by 曾鞏 (撰)

About the work

Yuánfēng lèigǎo 元豐類藁 (also written 元豐類稾 in the Sìkù recension) is the principal extant collection of Zēng Gǒng 曾鞏 (1019–1083, zì Zǐgù 子固, hào Nánfēng xiānshēng 南豐先生), the Jiāyòu 2 / 1057 jìnshì and Zhōngshū shèrén whose gǔwén placed him among the TángSòng bājiā 唐宋八家. The collection was originally accompanied by Xùgǎo 續藁 in 40 juǎn and Wàijí 外集 in 10 juǎn (so listed in Sòngshǐ běnzhuàn and on the shéndàobēi by Hán Wéi 韓維 韓維); both were lost after the Jiànyán southern crossing. The Northern-Sòng Yuánfēng 8 / 1085 preface by Wáng Zhèn 王震 fixes the collection’s first cutting; a 50-juǎn Sòng edition was held by Zhào Rǔlì 趙汝礪 of Jiànchāng in Kāixī (1205–1207), who collated it with Zēng’s clansman Zēng Wéi 曾濰; this Kāixī recension supplied the textual base for the Yuán-period Jiāpǔ re-cutting (Dīng Sījìng 丁思敬, Dàdé 8 / 1304). The Sìkù received a Kāngxī-period Chángzhōu (Sūzhōu) cut by Gù Sōnglíng 顧崧齡 collated against the Sòng base — supplemented by Hé Chuò 何焯’s Yìmén dúshū jì 義門讀書記 corrections. The KRP source is the SBCK reprint of the Yuán Jiāpǔ recension under the title Nánfēng xiānshēng Yuánfēng lèigǎo, prefaced by Wáng Sānhuái 王三槐 and carrying Zhū Xī 朱熹’s Niánpǔ xù and Hòuxù.

Tiyao

The Sìkù tíyào (Jiāngxī xúnfǔ submitted copy): Yuánfēng lèigǎo in 50 juǎn by Zēng Gǒng of the Sòng. Gǒng, zì Zǐgù, of Nánfēng in Jiànchāng. Jiāyòu 2 / 1057 jìnshì, ended at Zhōngshū shèrén. Deeds in Sòngshǐ běnzhuàn. Gǒng’s Yuánfēng lèigǎo was originally 50 juǎn, as seen in the Jùnzhāi dúshū zhì. Hán Wéi’s shéndàobēi for Gǒng further records Xùgǎo in 40 juǎn and Wàijí in 10 juǎn; the Sòngshǐ běnzhuàn says the same. After the Nándù (the southern crossing of 1127), the Xùgǎo and Wàijí were already scattered and lost. In Kāixī the Jiànchāng prefect Zhào Rǔlì first obtained the běn from Gǒng’s clansman Wéi; with many lacunae and errors, he, together with the prefectural chéng Chén Dōng 陳東, collated the Xùgǎo and Wàijí, deleting what was forged, and fixing it at 40 juǎn to match the original count. By the end of the Yuán the wars of bīngxiǎn destroyed it; what now remains is only this 50-juǎn (i.e. the Yuánfēng lèigǎo proper). What appears in Wú Zēng 吳曾’s Nénggǎizhāi mánlù — the Huái yǒu in one piān; in Zhuāng Chuò 莊綽’s Jīlèi biān — the Ètái jì; in Gāo Sìsūn 高似孫’s Wěilüè — the Shílùyuàn xiècìyànzhǐbǐmò biǎo; and the world-circulated Shū Wèi Zhènggōng zhuàn hòu and other yìwén (lost pieces) preserved in Sòng wén jiàn and Sòng wén xuǎn — these would in fact have been from the Wàijí and Xùgǎo; hence none of them are visible in the present collection. There are now two recensions in circulation: one is the Míng Chénghuà 6 / 1470 cut at Nánfēng by zhīxiàn Yáng Cān 楊參, with Wáng Zhèn’s Yuánfēng 8 / 1085 preface in front and Dīng Sījìng’s Dàdé jiǎchén / 1304 preface at the back, plus two niánpǔ prefaces of unknown authorship — but the niánpǔ itself is already lost; this is no longer the old appearance of the Sòng běn; the errors are particularly numerous. The other is the present-dynasty (Qing) Kāngxī cut by Gù Sōnglíng of Chángzhōu, collated against the Sòngběn, supplementing the juǎn 7 Shuǐxītíng shūshì poem and the 468 missing characters in the Tàizǐ Bīnkè Chéngōng shéndàobēi míng of juǎn 47 — it is rather clean. However, Hé Chuò’s Yìmén dúshū jì contains the Jiàozhèng Yuánfēng lèigǎo in 5 juǎn, in which there are pieces such as Zá shī wǔ shǒu with disordered sequencing; pieces such as Huìjī juéjù with arbitrary added titles; pieces such as the Jì Yùnzhōu Shào Zīzhèng with omitted yuánzhù (original interlinear notes); and other character-and-phrase variants too numerous to enumerate. Gù’s edition has not corrected each of these. We now base ourselves on Gù’s edition and supplement-correct its errors and omissions using Hé’s collation — compared with the various Míng cuts, this is rather more complete.

Abstract

Yuánfēng lèigǎo is the foundational collection for Zēng Gǒng’s reception as one of the TángSòng bājiā — alongside the Hányù-influenced gǔwén of his xù (prefaces), jì (records), and zhìmíng (epitaphs). The collection’s structure is heavily skewed to formal-occasional prose: poetry occupies juǎn 1–8, while juǎn 20–37 (more than a third of the whole) consist of zhìgào (imperial edict drafts) from his stint as Zhōngshū shèrén under Shénzōng — the dignified, sober register Zhū Xī 朱熹 朱熹 particularly admired and commented on in his Niánpǔ xù and Hòuxù preserved in the SBCK recension. Wáng Sānhuái’s Chóngkān preface frames Zēng Gǒng’s youthful prose as liúxiàngtǐ (in the manner of Liú Xiàng), unaware of Hán Yù — and his late prose as already a dà shǒubǐ (great pen) wholly his own. The collection’s transmission is exemplary of the post-Nándù fragility of Northern-Sòng biéjí: the Xùgǎo and Wàijí were entirely lost; the surviving 50 juǎn passed through Sòng → Yuán Dàdé → Míng Chénghuà → Qing Kāngxī (Gù Sōnglíng) → Sìkù (Gù base + Hé corrections). The Yìmén dúshū jì corrections by Hé Chuò are one of the more thorough Qing collation enterprises. Dating bracket: Wáng Zhèn’s first preface (1085) to the Sìkù re-collation (1781).

Translations and research

  • Egan, Ronald C. 1984. The Literary Works of Ou-yang Hsiu (1007–1072). Cambridge UP. Substantial treatment of Zēng Gǒng in the Ōuyáng circle.
  • Bol, Peter K. 1992. “This Culture of Ours”: Intellectual Transitions in T’ang and Sung China. Stanford UP.
  • Wáng Yùn-xī 王運熙 & Gù Yì-shēng 顧易生, eds. 1996. Zhōng-guó wén-xué pī-píng tōng-shǐ — Sòng Jīn Yuán juàn 中國文學批評通史—宋金元卷. Shàng-hǎi: Shàng-hǎi gǔ-jí. Treats Zēng’s gǔ-wén theory.
  • Zhū Shàng-shū 祝尚書. 1999/2020. Sòng-rén bié-jí xù-lù 宋人別集敘錄. Zhōng-huá. Detailed bibliographic notice of all known editions.
  • Wáng Lì-bō 王利波. 2002. Zēng Gǒng yán-jiū 曾鞏研究. Hú-běi rén-mín. Standard Chinese monograph.
  • Saeki Tomi 佐伯富, ed. 1970. Sōdai bunshū sakuin 宋代文集索引. Kyōto-daigaku Tōyō-shi kenkyūkai. Indexes Zēng Gǒng among ten major Sòng bié-jí.

Other points of interest

The lost Xùgǎo in 40 juǎn and Wàijí in 10 juǎn — together representing roughly half the original corpus — are partially recoverable from quotations in Nénggǎizhāi mánlù, Jīlèi biān, Wěilüè, Sòng wén jiàn, and Sòng wén xuǎn; the Sìkù editors’ explicit identification of these citations is one of the more careful pieces of philological reasoning in the biéjí tíyào corpus. Zhū Xī’s Niánpǔ xù and Hòuxù preserved in the SBCK recension include his pointed correction of the misattribution that Zēng Gǒng had recommended Xíng Shù 邢恕 and Chén Wújǐ 陳無已 (Chén Shīdào) 陳師道 for the Yīngzōng shílù compilation — a celebrated piece of Southern-Sòng historical pedantry.

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