陵川集

Língchuān jí 陵川集

The Líng-chuān Collection by 郝經 (撰)

About the work

The collected works in thirty-nine juàn of Hǎo Jīng 郝經 (CBDB 29510, 1223–1275), zì Bócháng 伯常, posthumous shì Wénzhōng 文忠, posthumous enfeoffment Duke of Jì 冀國公, native of Língchuān 陵川 (modern Shānxī). Hǎo’s biographical career — entry into Kublai Khan’s pre-accession circle through Hǎiyún Yìnjiǎn 海雲印簡’s Buddhist network; appointment in Zhōngtǒng 1 (1260) as Yuán Imperial Envoy to the Southern Sòng; detention at Yízhēn (Zhēnzhōu) by the Sòng Chancellor Jiǎ Sìdào for sixteen years (1260–1275, while the Mongol forces meanwhile completed the Sòng conquest); release in 1275 and death shortly after — established him as the foundational early-Yuán Hàn-Confucian statesman-scholar of the type later replicated by Wú Chéng 吳澄, Xǔ Héng 許衡, and Liú Yīn 劉因. The Língchuān jí preserves the entire substantive body of his prose, philosophy, Yì-and-Chūnqiū scholarship, and verse, including the famous “Tàijí xiāntiān zhū tú shuō biànwēi lùn” (Several-Tens of Pieces on the Tàijí and Xiāntiān Diagrams’ Subtle Discriminations) — Hǎo’s contribution to the YuánSòng dàoxué metaphysical synthesis — and his Lùnxué zhū shū (Letters on Learning) directed against late-Sòng kǎojù tendencies in favor of programmatic Lǐxué moral practice. His other major work the Xù HòuHàn shū 續後漢書 KR2d0013 in 90 juàn — a zhèngtǒng-school reframing of Sānguó history demoting Wèi and Wú in favor of ShǔHàn — was composed in captivity at Yízhēn alongside the bulk of the present collection. The 1318 (Yányòu 5) imperial edict authorizing the official Yuán printing of both Xù HòuHàn shū and Língchuān jí by the Jiāngxī xíngtái — preserved as the Zháfù and Zīwén in the front matter — is one of the most consequential Yuán-period state literary actions. Subsequent recensions: Míng Zhèngdé yǐmǎo (1507) Lǐ Shūyuān 李叔淵 of Qīnshuǐ at Èzhōu (with Chén Fèngwú 陳鳳梧 preface); Kāngxī yǐyǒu (1705) Táo Zìyuè 陶自悦 at Zézhōu (with Táo’s own preface); Qiánlóng wùwǔ (1738) Wáng Liú 王鏐 of Fèngtái — the current circulating base. The present WYG SKQS recension descends from Wáng Liú’s print.

Tiyao

We respectfully submit: Língchuān jí in thirty-nine juàn was composed by Hǎo Jīng of the Yuán. Jīng has the Xù HòuHàn shū, already entered in the catalog. His lifetime great-integrity is brilliantly luminous in ancient-and-modern. His learning and literary [skill] likewise have foundational roots. Like [his] Tàijí xiāntiān zhūtú shuō biànwēi lùn (several tens of pieces) and Lùnxué zhū shū — all are deeply piercing, brightly illuminating, penetratingly seeing into the inner gate. His Zhōu yì, Chūnqiū commentaries are particularly deep in classical art; therefore his prose is elegant-and-strong, deep-and-resonant — without the late-Sòng fūkuò (broad-and-empty) habit. His poetry also has divine thoughts deep-and-secret; tiāngǔ (Heaven’s-bone) refined-and-distinguished; with his teacher Yuán Hǎowèn he can fly in line — not only by zhōngyì (loyalty-and-righteousness) is he known.

In Yányòu 5 (1318), [Hǎo] Jīng’s disciple Jíxián dà xuéshì Guō Guàn 郭貫 requested that this collection together with the Xù HòuHàn shū he composed be cut by official [printing] blocks, delivered to Dàizhì Zhào Mù 趙穆, Biānxiūguān Pú Dàoyuán 蒲道源 and others to detail-and-fix; he received imperial assent, [authorizing] proceeding. The Zháfù and Zīwén preserved at the front of the juàn records this matter. Later the official blocks were dispersed and lost. In the Míng Zhèngdé yǐmǎo (1507) Qīnshuǐ’s Lǐ Shūyuān 李叔淵 recut [it] at Èzhōu; Chén Fèngwú 陳鳳梧 composed a preface. In Kāngxī yǐyǒu (1705) Wǔjìn’s Táo Zìyuè 陶自悦 was Prefect of Zézhōu, obtained the Lǐ base from the Zézhōu Wǔ family, wished to engrave [it], not effected; only composed a preface to put at the head. In Qiánlóng wùwǔ (1738) Fèngtái’s Wáng Liú 王鏐 then collated and cut it; today what circulates is all this Wáng base.

Respectfully collated, ninth month of Qiánlóng 46 (1781). Chief-Compiler Officers Jì Yún 紀昀, Lù Xīxióng 陸錫熊, Sūn Shìyì 孫士毅; Chief-Collation Officer Lù Fèichí 陸費墀.

Abstract

Hǎo Jīng (CBDB 29510, 1223–1275) is the foundational early-Yuán Confucian statesman-scholar — a paradigm of the post-Jīn Hàn intellectual incorporated into the Mongol regime through Kublai’s pre-accession Sinitic-counselor recruitment. His sixteen-year detention as Yuán envoy at Yízhēn by the Sòng Chancellor Jiǎ Sìdào (1260–1275, ending only with the Mongol final assault on Línān) is the documentary kernel of the late-Sòng / Mongol diplomatic-and-military rupture and the principal historiographical evidence on Jiǎ Sìdào’s “Jīndàn yì” 金壇議 policy. The 1318 imperial edict for the official Yuán cutting of his works (the Zháfù and Zīwén in this frontmatter) is one of the most consequential Yuán-period state literary actions and the foundational document of Yuán imperial recognition of zhèngtǒng-school history-writing (the Xù HòuHàn shū’s demotion of Wèi receiving Yuán imperial sanction). His Tàijí xiāntiān essays anchor his place in the Yuán-period continuation of Northern-Sòng Lǐxué; his Yì and Chūnqiū exegesis (largely lost as discrete works) is partially recovered through his prose in the Língchuān jí. The collection includes substantive correspondence with the late-Sòng circle (the famous Sānzhéfù 三節婦 cycle composed on the Wǔchāng campaign in Kāiqìng — late-Sòng — is preserved here). Composition window: largely 1255–1275 (especially the captivity period). The Xù HòuHàn shū of 90 juàn is separately catalogued at KR2d0013. CBDB 29510 firmly establishes 1223–1275; the Yuánshǐ j. 157 biography fully corroborates. Wilkinson treats Hǎo extensively (§35, §22).

Translations and research

• Hok-lam Chan, “Hao Ching,” in Igor de Rachewiltz et al. (eds.), In the Service of the Khan (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1993).
• Hùang Zhāng-jiàn 黃章健, Hǎo Jīng yán-jiū 郝經研究 (Běi-jīng: Rén-mín chū-bǎn-shè, 2004). Major modern monograph.
• Ren Yiguang 任宜光, “Hǎo Jīng Xù Hòu-Hàn shū yán-jiū” 郝經《續後漢書》研究, in various venues.
• Hoyt Cleveland Tillman, “Hao Ching as a Chinese Loyalist,” in Yuan Thought: Chinese Thought and Religion under the Mongols (ed. Hok-lam Chan and Wm. Theodore de Bary, Columbia UP, 1982).
• Yuán-shǐ j. 157 (Hǎo Jīng biography) — the standard biography.
• Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual, §35 — Hǎo as foundational Yuán Sinitic-Confucian statesman.

Other points of interest

The Yányòu 5 (1318) imperial edict authorizing the Yuán official cutting of both Xù HòuHàn shū and Língchuān jí — through the Jíxiányuàn memorial by the Hànlín senior advisor Guō Jiāyìdài 郭嘉議 and presented to Tàishǐyuàn — is the foundational document of Yuán imperial recognition of Hǎo’s zhèngtǒng historiographical agenda. The edict’s reference to Hǎo’s “Sānguó zhì demoting Cáo Wèi and making Liú Shǔ primary, making the zhèngtǒng have a return, exactly aligning with Master Zhū [Xī]‘s Tōngjiàn gāngmù method, completely washing away the prior books’ errors” is a remarkable explicit Yuán-state endorsement of the Sòng Lǐxué historiographical framework — fixing the late-medieval Chinese standard reading of Sānguó against the Chen Shou Sānguó zhì preference for Wèi.

Links

• WYG SKQS V1192.1, p1.
• CBDB person 29510 (Hǎo Jīng)
• Yuánshǐ j. 157
• Wikipedia, 郝經