Jíqítíng jí 鮚埼亭集
The Jí-qí Pavilion Collection by 全祖望 (撰) and 董秉純 (撰年譜)
About the work
The principal collected-works recension (wénjí) of 全祖望 Quán Zǔwàng (1705–1755, zì Shàoyī 紹衣, hào Xièshān 謝山, native of Yín 鄞, Níngbō 寧波, Zhèjiāng) — the leading early-Qiánlóng historian-philologist of Zhèdōng 浙東, principal continuator of 黃宗羲 Huáng Zōngxī’s SòngYuán xué àn 宋元學案, and the indispensable Qīng witness for late-Míng / early-Qīng Zhèdōng intellectual and resistance history. 38 juan, arranged by genre: sòng 頌, fù 賦, cí 辭, kǎo 考, biàn 辨, shū 書, xù 序, bēimíng 碑銘, mùzhì 墓誌, jì 記, zhuàn 傳, bá 跋, zá zhù 雜著. The collection is dominated by Quán’s biographical-historical prose — his zhuàn and bēimíng of Míng loyalists and Zhèdōng resistance figures, his xù to the works of late-Míng martyrs, and his methodological essays on the SòngYuán xué àn. Quán’s prose is famously dense, citation-saturated, and historiographically self-conscious; the Jíqítíng jí is read for its substance rather than for any Tóngchéng-style formal craft. The work is paired with the Jíqítíng jí wàibiān 鮚埼亭集外編 (50 juan, supplementary recension, not in SBCK) and the Jíqítíng shījí KR4f0055 (10 juan of poetry, SBCK companion volume).
Prefaces
The front matter contains a Quánshì shìpǔ 全氏世譜 (lineage of the Quán clan, traced from the Hàn-era Tàishǒu Quán Róu 全柔 through the SòngYuánMíng generations of the Sāngxī 桑溪 branch to Quán Zǔwàng’s grandfather Quán Wúqí 全吾騏) compiled by Quán’s disciple 董秉純 Dǒng Bǐngchún (1724–1794) and collated by Shǐ Mèngjiāo 史夢蛟 (zì Zhúfáng 竹房) of Yúyáo 餘姚. Dǒng’s colophon to the shìpǔ reports the editorial history: Quán Zǔwàng had personally compiled the wénjí and assigned Dǒng to make a clean copy; Dǒng had only just completed the transcription when Quán died (1755); Dǒng then wrote to 杭世駿 Háng Shìjùn (1696–1773, hào Jǐnpǔ 堇浦) of Qiántáng asking him to write the preface and biographical zhìzhuàng 志狀, and Háng in reply asked Dǒng to compose a shìpǔ for the head of the collection, on the model of Hú Zhù’s Sòngshì shìpǔ prefacing Sòng Lián’s KR4d0067 Qiánxī jí and Wàn Sīdà’s Huángshì shìpǔ prefacing Huáng Zōngxī’s Nánléi jí. The shìpǔ is therefore both a genealogical document and a witness to the editorial circle through which the Jíqítíng jí reached print. The Niánpǔ (chronological biography) that follows is also Dǒng’s composition.
Abstract
Quán Zǔwàng was a jìnshì of Qiánlóng 1 (1736), Hànlín shùjíshì 庶吉士. He resigned from office in 1738 after only three years and returned to Zhèdōng, where he spent the remaining seventeen years of his life on intellectual-historical and historiographical projects in Níngbō and (after 1750) Hángzhōu. His three principal projects, all uncompleted at his death and published posthumously, are: (1) the supplementation and revision of Huáng Zōngxī’s SòngYuán xué àn 宋元學案 — Quán wrote the bulk of the surviving 100-juan text after Huáng’s son Huáng Bǎijiā 黃百家 had carried it through Huáng Zōngxī’s draft — which became the principal documentary basis for modern SòngYuán intellectual history; (2) the Qījiào sānjiān Shuǐjīng zhù 七校三箋水經注 — a textual-critical edition of Lì Dàoyuán’s KR2k0001 Shuǐ jīng zhù incorporating Quán’s own readings against seven earlier collations and three layers of annotation, which became a major part of the QiánJiā Shuǐ jīng zhù dispute (alongside Zhào Yīqīng’s and Dài Zhèn’s versions); and (3) the Jíqítíng jí itself, plus the supplementary wàibiān.
The Jíqítíng jí serves principally as the documentary archive of Quán’s biographical-historical research. His extensive bēimíng and mùzhìmíng — of Zhèdōng Míng loyalists (Zhāng Huángyán 張煌言, Qián Sùlè 錢肅樂, the Liúshì brothers 劉宗周/劉伯繩), of the seventeenth-century Zhèdōng learning circle (黃宗羲, 萬斯大, 萬斯同), and of his own teachers and contemporaries — preserve much information not available in any other source, particularly for figures whose careers were politically inadmissible to the Míngshǐ 明史 commissioners. His xù (prefaces) include essays on the bibliographic and intellectual lineages of late-Míng / early-Qīng Zhèdōng, supplying the modern reader with the framework Quán himself used in constructing the SòngYuán xué àn. The kǎo essays cover questions of historical geography (especially the Shuǐ jīng zhù), epigraphy, and source criticism.
Composition window: c. 1736 (after Quán’s jìnshì) through 1755 (his death). The 1804 (Jiāqìng 9) Dǒng Bǐngchún imprint is the editio princeps; the SBCK reproduces this recension. The Sìkù commissioners (in the 1782 compilation) admitted Quán’s edition of the Shuǐ jīng zhù but not his wénjí — partly on grounds of its substantial loyalist content (the bēimíng of Zhāng Huángyán and other late-Míng martyrs would have triggered the Qiánlóng wénzìyù literary inquisition). The collection circulated in manuscript and through partial prints until Dǒng’s 1804 imprint regularized it. The wàibiān (supplementary 50 juan) followed in 1873.
Translations and research
Lynn A. Struve, The Southern Ming, 1644–1662 (Yale, 1984), and Voices from the Ming-Qing Cataclysm (Yale, 1993) — use Quán’s bēi-míng substantially as documentary source.
Du Weiyun 杜維運, Qīng-dài shǐ-xué yǔ shǐ-jiā 清代史學與史家 (Taipei, 1962; expanded 1984) — chapter on Quán as historian.
Cài Méi-bīāo 蔡美彪 et al., Quán Zǔ-wàng jí huì-jiào jí-zhù 全祖望集彙校集注 (3 vols., Shanghai: Shanghai Guji, 2000) — the standard modern critical edition combining the jí, wài-biān, and shī-jí with full collation.
Zhū Zhòng-yù 朱仲玉, Quán Zǔ-wàng yán-jiū 全祖望研究 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang Renmin, 2008).
ECCP 203–205 (Tu Lien-che).
Wilkinson, Chinese History: A New Manual §66 on Zhè-dōng historiography; §53.2 on the Sòng-Yuán xué àn.
Other points of interest
The studio-name Jíqítíng 鮚埼亭 (“Jíqí Pavilion”) refers to the jíjiàng 鮚醬 (clam-and-fish paste) of the Níngbō coast, immortalized in Quán’s Jíjiàng fù 鮚醬賦, included in juan 1 of the jí. The conceit links Quán’s intensely local Zhèdōng identity to the historiographical project: just as the jíjiàng of Yín cannot be made anywhere else, the historical memory of Zhèdōng resistance can be preserved only by one rooted in its soil. The studio-name itself thus encodes the loyalist-historiographical program of the collection.
Quán’s bēi for 張煌言 Zhāng Huángyán — the great Míng-loyalist admiral martyred at Hángzhōu in 1664 — is one of the most famous prose pieces in the jí, and was so politically sensitive that it could not have appeared in print under any earlier Qīng emperor than Qiánlóng (and even then, only because the Jí circulated outside the Sìkù admission process).
Links
- Wikidata Q11147870 (Quan Zuwang)
- ECCP 203–205 (Tu Lien-che)
- Wilkinson 2018, §53.2, §66
- CBDB id 30192 (1705–1755)