Qiáoyǐn cí 樵隱詞
Lyrics of the Woodcutter-Recluse by 毛幵 (撰)
About the work
The Qiáoyǐn cí 樵隱詞 is the one-juǎn Sìkù cí collection of Máo Jiān 毛幵 (fl. mid-twelfth century; zì Píngzhòng 平仲, hào Qiáoyǐn 樵隱 / Sānqú 三衢), son of Lǐbù shàngshū Máo Yǒu 毛友 of Jiāngshān 江山 (Xìnān). Máo served as Vice-Magistrate of Wǎnlíng (Xuānzhōu) and Dōngyáng (Wùzhōu); his collected works Qiáoyǐn jí 樵隱集 in 15 juǎn (with Yóu Mào 尤袤’s preface) is now lost. The transmitted cí is the Máo Jìn 毛晉 cutting from a Yáng Mèngyǔ 楊夢羽 family-archive SòngYuán hand-copy: 42 cí in 23 tune-titles. The volume opens with a tí cí by Wáng Mùshū 王木叔 noting that Máo’s shī and prose are inferior to his cí — the canonical Sòng verdict. Yáng Shèn 楊慎’s Cí pǐn singles out the Mǎn jiāng hóng · Pō huǒ chū shōu 滿江紅·潑火初收 (a Qīngmíng piece) as the master-piece. The Tíyào — using the matching Jiāngchéng zǐ · Cì Yè Shílín yùn — corrects the Shílín cí KR4j0020’s reading at the same line.
Tiyao
Qiáoyǐn cí, one juǎn, by Máo Jiān of the Sòng. Jiān, zì Píngzhòng, a man of Xìnān. The old cut titles him Sānqú, taking an old place-name. Once served as Vice-Magistrate of Wǎnlíng and Dōngyáng. Wrote the Qiáoyǐn jí in 15 juǎn; Yóu Mào wrote its preface — no longer transmitted. Chén Zhènsūn 陳振孫’s Shūlù jiětí records Qiáoyǐn cí in one juǎn; this cutting has 42 cí; per Máo Jìn’s colophon, taken from a Yáng Mèngyǔ family-archive hand-copy; unclear whether identical to what Chén saw. Máo’s other writings are not so well-known, but his small cí are most-finely-made; opening Wáng Mùshū’s tí cí has the words “some criticize his shīwén as not measuring up to his yuèfǔ (cí)” — there was already a settled verdict at the time. The Mǎn jiāng hóng · Pō huǒ chū shōu one cí is especially clear-and-graceful, dimming-into-the-distance; hence Yáng Shèn’s Cí pǐn especially praises it. The Jiāngchéng zǐ one cí is annotated as matching Yè Shílín 葉石林’s rhyme; the back-half zhēng quàn zǐránwēng 爭勸紫髯翁 closes with wēng-rhyme; but the present Shílín cí KR4j0020 has gōng 宮 — repeated within the same piece (a doublet) — therefore the Shílín cí cutting is in error here, correctable from this. As to the Ruì hè xiān tune: in Sòng prints all named so; this text and zǒngmù both wrongly write Ruì xiān hè 瑞仙鶴. Yānshān tíng front-half: mì yìng kuī tíngtíng wàn zhī kāi biàn — 9 characters; comparing Zēng Dí’s 曾覿 piece for this tune (hán lěi xuān wēi zǐshòu jǐ chuí jīnyìn — 10 characters): above-or-below kuī must drop a character. Tail line chóu jiǔ xǐng fēi qiān piàn — 6 characters; Zēng has chángzhànqǔ zhūyán lǜbìn (7 characters); so above-or-below fēi must drop a character. Other slips: Mǎn tíng fāng 1st annotation has Dōngyáng mis-cut as Dōngyì; 3rd has Xīān mis-cut as Sìān — LǔYú errors (graphically near 魯/魚) are mixed in; loose proof-reading of the Máo cutting. Chén Zhènghuì’s Dùnzhāi xiánlǎn records that Jiān, while governing a prefecture, presented a Qīngpíng diào to a woman standing in the rain — both indecent and biographically false (Máo never governed a prefecture); a Sòng xiǎoshuō fabrication; Jìn rightly does not include it; we append the correction here.
Abstract
The transmitted Qiáoyǐn cí descends through Máo Jìn’s cutting from a Yáng Mèng-yǔ-family hand-copy of a Sòng-cut text. Modern editions: the Quán Sòng cí of Táng Guīzhāng 唐圭璋 preserves the 42 cí. The collection is best read as a useful witness to the chángchóu network of the Shàoxīng–Chúnxī mid-Southern-Sòng, with named addressees including Yè Mèngdé 葉夢得, Lù Yóu 陸游 (the Shuǐdiào gētóu · Cì yùn Lù Wùguān péi tàishǒu Fāng Wùdé dēng Duōjǐng lóu is a notable example), Zhāng Jùshān 張巨山, Liú Ruònè 劉若訥, and others.
Translations and research
- Táng Guī-zhāng 唐圭璋 et al., Quán Sòng cí 全宋詞 (Zhōng-huá shū-jú, 1965; rev. 1999), vol. 3 — collated corpus.
- Wáng Zhào-péng 王兆鵬, Sòng dài cí-rén yán-jiū — Máo Jiān chronology.
Other points of interest
The Tíyào’s correction of the Shílín cí doublet-rhyme error via Máo Jiān’s matching Jiāngchéng zǐ — and its rebuttal of Chén Zhènghuì’s Qīngpíng diào anecdote on biographical grounds — together exemplify the Sìkù’s cross-collection philological method.