Qīng Shì zǔ 清世祖 (1638–1661) — personal name Fú lín 福臨, reign-era Shùn zhì 順治 (1644–1661) — was the third emperor of the Qīng and the first Qīng sovereign to rule over the whole of China following the Manchu conquest of 1644. Personally pious and literarily inclined, he produced an imperially-commissioned commentary on the Dào dé jīng — KR5c0384 Yù dìng Dào dé jīng zhù 御定道德經註 — with a preface dated the first day of the second month of Shùn zhì 13 (1656). The commentary was compiled in cooperation with the Grand Secretary Chéng Kè gǒng 成克鞏 (1608–1691). The Shùn zhì emperor also wrote commentaries on Buddhist scriptures.