Jīnshì 今釋
Early-Qīng Cáodòng 曹洞 Chán master, zì Xìngyīn 性因 / Tiányīn 恬因, hào Dànguī 澹歸 (also Gānzhèshēng 甘蔗生, Máopíng nàsēng 茅坪衲僧, Jièshān yěnà 借山野衲). Fǎsūn 法孫 of 道獨 Zōngbǎo Dàodú (1600–1661) in the Shòuchāng / Bóshān Cáodòng line — transmitted through 圅昰 Tiānrán Hánshì 天然圅昰 (1608–1685). 28 January 1615 – 1 September 1680 (lunar 萬曆 42.12.29 – 康熙 19.8.9), shìshòu 67. Native of Rénhé 仁和 (Hángzhōu).
Best known as one of the most prominent Ming loyalist-official-turned-monks of the 17th century. As the layman Jīn Bǎo 金堡 he held successive Ming-dynasty offices (culminating as a Censor in the Yǒnglì 永曆 Southern-Ming court, 1647–1650) and was imprisoned, tortured, and exiled for his impeachment of corrupt court-favourites. After the Yǒnglì court collapsed he tonsured (c. 1651) at Guǎngzhōu Hǎiyúnsì under Tiānrán Hánshì; received full dharma-transmission from Hánshì; took the name Jīnshì 今釋 and the self-style Dànguī 澹歸 (“Floating Return”).
Late in life he resided at Dānxiáshān 丹霞山 (Rénhuà, Guǎngdōng), founded the Biéchuánsì 別傳寺 there, and produced a substantial literary corpus: his own Biànxíng tángjí 遍行堂集 (prose, c. 30 juan), the Dānxiá Dànguī chánshī yǔlù 丹霞澹歸禪師語錄, and — most consequentially for his role in Shòuchāng transmission — the chóngbiān 重編 of his grand-teacher 道獨 Dàodú’s yǔlù (KR6q0373; X72 n1443).
His writings, because of their frank Ming-loyalist content and his persisting connection to the yímín 遺民 literary network in Guǎngdōng, were placed on the Qiánlóng forbidden-books index 乾隆禁書目錄 in the 1770s, and portions of his prose collection were destroyed; the monastic yǔlù survived. He is the subject of a substantial modern Chinese-language secondary literature in the history of 17th-century literati-monks (Chén Yuán 陳垣, 《清初僧諍記》 and 《明季滇黔佛教考》; Wáng Kāi 王凱, et al.).