Liú Zhào 劉兆
Zì Yánshì 延世. Western-Jìn 西晉 Confucian classicist, native of Dōngpínglíng 東平陵 in Jǐnán 濟南 (modern Zhāngqiū 章丘 district, Shāndōng). Descended from the Western-Hàn marquis Liú Yuè 劉越 of Guǎngchuān. The Jìn shū biography (juàn 91, Rúlín liè zhuàn) reports that he attracted some thousands of disciples and devoted himself for decades to textual study while declining repeated summons to office — including offers by Jìn Wǔ-dì 晉武帝 (r. 265–290) of bóshì 博士 and other court positions. He died aged 66; precise birth-death years are not given in the standard sources but a late-third-century floruit is securely established (he was an adult under Wǔ-dì).
Liú’s signature contribution was a three-way harmonisation of the rival Chūnqiū commentary traditions. According to the Jìn shū, he reasoned that the three zhuàn — Zuǒ, Gōngyáng, Gǔliáng — were like three brothers from a single household whose claims should be reconciled rather than weighed one against another, and so produced Chūnqiū gōng-gǔ jiěgǔ 春秋公羊穀梁解詁 (also cited as Chūnqiū sānzhuàn jiěgǔ 春秋三傳解詁 / Chūnqiū gōng-gǔ jíjiě 春秋公羊穀梁傳集解), using red ink to distinguish the contributions of each tradition. He also produced a substantial Chūnqiū diào-rén 春秋調人 (some seventy thousand characters, modelled on the Zhōulǐ Diào-rén office of conciliation), and a Zhōuyì zhù 周易注. All these works are lost as integral books; fragments are preserved chiefly in 陸德明 Lù Démíng’s Jīngdiǎn shìwén 經典釋文, in the Wénxuǎn 文選 commentary tradition (notably the Lǐ Shàn 李善 annotations), and in Táng zhèngyì 正義 citations — the basis of the KR1e0127 CHANT reconstruction and of 馬國翰 Mǎ Guóhàn’s Yùhán shānfáng jíyì shū parallel restoration.