Dù Xíngyǐ 杜行顗 (Tang, fl. 676–679) — Tang-period lay translator and imperial official, distinguished as one of the very few lay persons (非僧 fēisēng) involved in the official Tang Buddhist translation establishment. Native of Jīngzhàofǔ 京兆府 (Chángān).
He served during Yífèng 儀鳳 (676–679) as Cháosànláng xíng Hónglúsì diǎnkèshǔlìng 朝散郎行鴻臚寺典客署令 (an officer of the Court of State Ceremonial responsible for receiving foreign envoys). He was distinguished by his polyglot skills — proficient in multiple foreign languages including Sanskrit and Tibetan — and his literary cultivation.
When Buddhapāli (佛陀波利) arrived at Cháng-ān with the Sanskrit Uṣṇīṣa-vijaya-dhāraṇī in 679 CE (Yífèng 4 / 1st month), Emperor Gāozōng commissioned Dù Xíngyǐ to translate it. The translation was carried out with Dùpó 度婆 (Indian bhikṣu) and Divākara (地婆訶羅, Tripiṭaka-master) as collaborators. The result is preserved as the Fódǐng zūnshèng tuóluóní jīng 佛頂尊勝陀羅尼經 (KR6j0145, T19n0968) — distinct from but parallel to Buddhapāli’s own translation T967.
Dù Xíngyǐ’s role exemplifies the integration of imperial Chinese literati skills (linguistic competence, literary style) into the Tang Buddhist translation establishment.
Source: DILA Buddhist Person Authority A000523; Sòng Gāosēngzhuàn 宋高僧傳; Kāiyuán shìjiào lù.