Early-Northern-Sòng gǔwén polemicist, zì Zhòngtú 仲塗 (originally Shàoxuán 紹元), of Dàmíngfǔ 大名 (Héběi). Took the names Kāi 開 (“Opener”) and Zhòngtú in self-conscious emulation of Hán Yù 韓愈 — claiming to “open” the Way and to walk the middle road. Jìnshì of Kāibǎo 6 / 973; held a long series of provincial zhīzhōu posts (Cāngzhōu, Dàizhōu, Yīngzhōu, Bīnzhōu) and the Diànshūyùan zhīzhì; died in office at Bīnzhōu in Xiánpíng 3 / 1000, age 54. Author of the Hédōng jí KR4d0002, whose programmatic xù and shū announced the Sòng gǔwén revival a generation before Ōuyáng Xiū. The transmitted text was edited by his disciple Zhāng Jǐng 張景. The catalog meta gives Liǔ as “d. 995” but CBDB and Sòngshǐ j. 440 give the standard date 1000, followed here. CBDB id 18341.