Saṃghadeva 僧伽提婆 (Chinese gloss 眾天 Zhòngtiān “Saṅgha-Heaven”; with the family-name Gautama 瞿曇 in his fuller Chinese name 瞿曇僧伽提婆 Qútán Sēngjiā-típó; lay surname Gautama 瞿曇; DILA Authority A001589) was a Kashmirian (罽賓國) monk and one of the most important translators of the late fourth century. The biographical sources are the Chū sānzàng jì jí 出三藏記集 (T2145, 99c–100a) and the Gāosēng zhuàn 高僧傳 (T2059, 328c–329a). He arrived in the Fú-Qín 苻秦 capital of Cháng’ān during the Jiànyuán 建元 reign-period (365–384), where he joined the Daoan-circle’s 道安 translation enterprise; he was a recognised master of the Sarvāstivāda Abhidharma, a fluent reciter of the Tridharmaka-śāstra (《三法度論》, T1506) and an authority on the Abhidharma-hṛdaya-śāstra (《阿毘曇心論》). The Cháng’ān biographies describe him as “of refined and clear judgement, of warm and modest demeanour.”
After the political collapse of the Fú-Qín he travelled south through Lúoyáng to the Eastern Jìn south, where he was patronised by the powerful aristocrat-Buddhist Wáng Xún 王珣 (349–400) at Lúshān 廬山 and Jiànkāng. Working at the Dōngtíng-sì 東亭寺 in Jiànkāng under imperial patronage, he produced two of the most important translations of the early Chinese canon: the [[KR6a0026|Zhōng āhán jīng 中阿含經]] (T26, the Madhyama-āgama, in 60 fascicles, completed November 397 – June 398 CE), and the Zēngyī āhán jīng 增壹阿含經 (T125, the Ekottara-āgama, in 51 fascicles; the surviving recension of T125 is largely Saṃghadeva’s revision of an earlier Dharmanandi rendering). He is also credited with the Tridharmaka-śāstra (T1506) and the Abhidharma-aṣṭa-grantha (《阿毘曇八犍度論》, T1543, with 竺佛念). His Chinese-language collaborator on T26 was the otherwise little-known Dàozǔ 道祖.
The Gāosēng zhuàn records his death only as “thereafter no longer known” — meaning his year and place of death are unrecorded. His translation career thus spans roughly 365–398 CE, with a probable death date sometime in the early fifth century.