Zhuāng Chāng 莊㫤 (variant 莊昶, 1437–1499), zì Kǒngyáng 孔暘, hào Dìngshān 定山, of Jiāngpǔ 江浦 (Yīngtiānfǔ, modern Nánjīng, Jiāngsū). Chénghuà 2 (1466) jìnshì; appointed Hànlínyuàn jiǎntǎo. In Chénghuà 3 (1467), with Zhāng Mào (章懋) and Huáng Zhòngzhāo (黃仲昭), refused the order to compose New-Year Áoshān shī (Lantern-Mountain poems) for the Inner-Court Lantern-display and submitted the Péiyǎng shèngdé shū (Memorial on Cultivating Imperial Virtue); was caned at the palace gate and banished — the three together became the Hànlín sān jūnzǐ 翰林三君子. Sent down 30 years; rose only to Nánjīng Lìbù lángzhōng. Together with Chén Xiànzhāng (陳獻章) and Luó Lún (羅倫) practised zhǔjìng zhī xué (the learning of holding-quietude), and in this opened the way for the later Yáojiāng (Wáng Yángmíng) school. His principal work is the Dìngshān jí (KR4e0127). Míng shǐ main biography. CBDB id 67718, 1437–1499.