Xiàng Qiān 項謙
Late-Míng / early-Qīng lay-Buddhist of the Xiàng 項 family of Jiāhé 嘉禾 (modern Jiāxīng 嘉興), Buddhist name Hóngcí 弘慈. Descendant of the mid-Míng general 項忠 Xiàng Zhōng (1421–1502), son of 項俊卿 Xiàng Jùnqīng (Lánzhāi gōng 蘭齋公).
Preface-author of the re-printed Zhǔntí fénxiū xīdì chànhuǐ xuánwén 准提焚修悉地懺悔玄文 (KR6j0760), titled Chóngzǐ fómǔ Zhǔntí fénxiū xīdì chànhuǐ xuánwén xù 重梓佛母准提焚修悉地懺悔玄文序, dated 壬辰季夏 (mid-summer 1652). The preface narrates his family’s transmission of Cuṇḍā devotion and credits the dhāraṇī with his survival of the 1644 fall of Beijing to 李自成 Lǐ Zìchéng, his subsequent southward flight, and naval mishaps at Dòngtíng 洞庭 lake and during postings to Zhāngzhōu 漳州. He encountered the xuánwén in Fújiàn through the monk 隱空 Yǐnkōng of Guǎngjìsì 廣濟寺, who showed him both the liturgy and protector-deity images transmitted from the Míng-dynasty visionary lay practitioner 夏道人 Xià Dàorén.