Northern-Sòng grand councillor, prose-stylist, and amateur paleographer, zì Zǐqiáo 子喬, of Déān 德安 in Jiāngzhōu (modern Jiangxi). Recommended as Xiánliáng fāngzhèng in Jǐngdé 3 (1006), he rose through senior posts (Hànlín xuéshì, Cānzhī zhèngshì) to Wǔníngjūn jiéduǐshǐ and Kāifǔ yítóng sānsī; under Rénzōng he served as Píngzhāngshì and was for a time Shūmìshǐ. Though best known politically as one of the principal opponents of the Qìnglì reforms (against Fàn Zhòngyān 范仲淹 and Hán Qí 韓琦), his philological monument is the Gǔwén sìshēng yùn KR1j0028 of Qìnglì 4 (1044), a five-juàn re-arrangement of Guō Zhōngshù’s 郭忠恕 Hànjiǎn KR1j0026 gǔwén corpus into rhyme classes. Posthumous title Wénzhuāng 文莊. CBDB lifedates 985–1051; the catalog meta gives only “d. 1051,” but the Sòngshǐ biography (juàn 283) gives both years.