Jiǎng Yǒurén 蔣友仁 / Michel Benoist, S.J. (1715 Autun, Burgundy – 1774 Beijing). French Jesuit missionary, astronomer, geographer, hydraulic engineer and tutor to the Qiánlóng emperor. Entered the Society of Jesus 1737; sent to China 1744 as part of the second wave of French Jesuit “mathematicians of the king”. His professional standing at the Qiánlóng court was secured by his work as the architect and hydraulic engineer for the “Western Mansions” (Xīyánglóu 西洋樓) and their fountain-systems within the Yuánmíngyuán 圓明園 imperial garden (1747–66); he also produced for the emperor the great Kūnyú quántú 坤輿全圖 of 1767 (a Mercator-projection two-hemisphere world-map updated from Verbiest’s earlier version with the latest European geographical-and-astronomical data) and its accompanying treatise the Dìqiú túshuō 地球圖說 (KR3fa032, 2 juǎn) — the first Chinese-language exposition of the Copernican-heliocentric system explicitly so identified. He died at Beijing in 1774; his Dìqiú túshuō was edited for printing posthumously by 何國宗 Hé Guózōng, 錢大昕 Qián Dàxīn (in stylistic polish), and 阮元 Ruǎn Yuán (in additional diagrams), and published in this collaborative edition in the early 19th c. The catalog meta for KR3fa032 records his dynasty as “法” (i.e. Fǎ, France) — exceptionally for a Jesuit who served at the Qīng court, the catalog identifies him by national origin rather than by dynastic placement.